Study, year | Pesticide | RR, 95% CI for those with a family history | Interaction OR* | Intensity of exposure | Referent category |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alavanja et al, 200355 | Alachlor | 1.36 (0.88 to 2.10) | 1.50 (0.93 to 2.41) | Ever exposed | Those with a FH of PC but never exposed to the studied pesticides |
Aldicarb | 1.60 (0.83 to 3.09) | 2.01 (0.95 to 4.23) | |||
Atrazine | 1.28 (0.77 to 2.12) | 1.52 (0.80 to 2.62) | |||
Butylate | 1.78 (1.16 to 2.73) | 1.93 (1.19 to 3.11) | |||
Carbofuran | 1.81 (1.18 to 2.77) | 1.58 (0.98 to 2.55) | |||
Chlorpyrifos | 1.29 (0.84 to 1.98) | 1.65 (1.02 to 2.66) | |||
Coumaphos | 2.17 (1.24 to 3.82) | 2.58 (1.29 to 5.18) | |||
Dicamba | 1.35 (0.88 to 2.08) | 1.51 (0.95 to 2.43) | |||
Fonofos | 1.80 (1.14 to 2.84) | 2.04 (1.21 to 3.44) | |||
Permethrin | 2.38 (1.34 to 4.25) | 2.31 (1.17 to 4.56) | |||
Phorate | 1.67 (1.09 to 2.56) | 1.64 (1.02 to 2.63) | |||
Terbufos | 1.45 (0.95 to 2.23) | 1.52 (0.94 to 2.45) | |||
Mahajan et al, 200663 | Fonofos | 1.09 (0.61 to 1.95) | 1.27 (1.00 to 1.51) | T1 | Non-exposed with no FH |
1.94 (1.16 to 3.25) | T2 | ||||
1.83 (1.12 to 3.00) | T3 | ||||
Mahajan et al, 200662 | Phorate | 1.90 (0.80 to 4.50) | 1.53 (0.99 to 2.37) | T2 | Non-exposed with no FH |
1.91 (0.86 to 4.24) | T3 | ||||
Koutros et al, 200871 | Dichlorvos | 1.18 (0.73 to 1.82) | _ | Ever | Non-exposed with no FH |
1.29 (0.69 to 2.40) | T1 | ||||
0.72 (0.34 to 1.55) | T2 | ||||
1.42 (0.75 to 2.70) | T3 | ||||
Lynch et al, 200976 | Butylate | 1.67 (1.01 to 2.78) | 1.34 (1.00 to 1.76) | High exposed | Non-exposed |
2.00 (1.07 to 3.74) | 1.37 (0.67 to 2.80) | High exposed | Low exposed | ||
Christensen et al, 201079 | Coumaphos | 1.65 (1.13 to 2.38) | 1.91 (1.23 to 2.95) | Ever exposed | Non-exposed with no FH |
Multigner et al, 201047 | Chlordecone | 0.97 (0.33 to 2.83) | T1 | Non-exposed with no FH | |
3.22 (1.03 to 10.05) | <0.001† | T2 | |||
3.00 (1.12 to 8.07) | T3 | ||||
Barry et al, 201281 | Methyl bromide | 1.46 (0.97 to 2.20) | 0.05† | Ever | Non-exposed with no FH |
1.67 (0.98 to 2.84) | 0.19† | T1 | |||
1.28 (0.71 to 2.30) | T2 | ||||
1.42 (0.78 to 2.59) | T3 | ||||
Koutros et al, 201354 | Fonofos | 0.91 (0.55 to 1.49) | Q1 | Non-exposed with no FH | |
Dieldrin | 1.70 (1.07 to 2.72) | 0.04† | Q2 | ||
1.22 (0.74 to 1.99) | 0.73† | Q3 | |||
2.01 (1.36 to 2.99) | Q4 | ||||
1.55 (0.63 to 3.82) | T2 | ||||
1.54 (0.62 to 3.83) | T3 |
All studies belong to the AHS except for that of Multigner et al.47
Bold ORs represent statistically significant associations.
*Interaction OR is a method of assessing the influence of a FH of PC on pesticide associated risk. A cross product term was included in the logistic model: age+FH+pesticide exposure+(FH×pesticide exposure).55 It can be interpreted as the ratio of the joint effect of exposure and positive family history versus the expected effect of each singly.79
†p Value of interaction.
AHS, Agricultural Health Study; FH, family history; PC, prostate cancer; RR, relative risk; Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, quartiles by intensity weighted lifetime days of exposure; T1, T2, T3, tertiles by intensity weighted lifetime days of exposure.