Table 3

Standardised mortality ratios for male cockpit crew in the multinational cohort of commercial airline crew

Cause of death	Observed cases	Observed_C	Expected cases	SMR_C	95% CI
All causes	2703	2703.00	4806.42	0.56	0.54 to 0.58
All known causes except aircraft accidents	2342	2465.12	4801.22	0.51	0.49 to 0.54
All cancers	933	982.05	1414.27	0.69	0.64 to 0.76
Radiation-related	234	246.30	337.24	0.73	0.62 to 0.85
Other	699	735.75	1076.95	0.68	0.62 to 0.75
Cancer subtypes
Buccal cavity/pharynx	22	23.16	85.27	0.27	0.16 to 0.44
Oesophagus	28	29.47	58.55	0.50	0.31 to 0.77
Stomach	45	47.37	83.10	0.57	0.39 to 0.80
Large intestine	85	89.47	97.66	0.92	0.70 to 1.18
Rectum	39	41.05	49.55	0.83	0.55 to 1.19
Bilary tree/liver	41	43.16	45.10	0.96	0.65 to 1.36
Pancreas	57	60.00	71.55	0.84	0.60 to 1.14
Larynx	12	12.63	18.41	0.69	0.32 to 1.29
Bronchial tree and lung	161	169.46	390.40	0.43	0.36 to 0.52
Bone	2	2.11	4.94
Malignant melanoma	40	42.10	26.75	1.57	1.06 to 2.25
Other skin	3	3.16	3.40	0.93	0.15 to 3.04
Breast	0	0.00	1.60
Prostate	114	119.99	97.62	1.23	0.98 to 1.53
Testis/other male genital organ	4	4.21	8.29	0.51	0.11 to 1.45
Kidney	28	29.47	38.25	0.77	0.48 to 1.18
Bladder/other urinary tract	33	34.73	47.19	0.74	0.47 to 1.09
Eye	3	3.16	1.38	2.28	0.36 to 7.48
CNS (includes brain)	59	62.10	54.50	1.14	0.83 to 1.54
Thyroid gland/other endocrine	5	5.26	4.99	1.06	0.28 to 2.72
All lymphoma	33	34.73	52.71	0.66	0.43 to 0.98
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	28	29.47	44.82	0.66	0.41 to 1.01
Hodgkin lymphoma	5	5.26	7.89	0.67	0.18 to 1.72
All leukaemia*	38	40.00	44.15	0.91	0.60 to 1.31
Leukaemia CLL	6	6.32	8.85	0.71	0.22 to 1.71
Leukaemia non-CLL	31	32.63	35.30	0.92	0.59 to 1.39
Kaposi sarcoma	0	0.00	0.09
All other cancer	81	85.26	128.82	0.66	0.50 to 0.86
Benign neoplasms	11	11.58	25.85	0.45	0.20 to 0.87
Non-cancer causes
Diabetes	22	23.16	71.52	0.32	0.19 to 0.52
Cerebrovascular disease	132	138.94	275.99	0.50	0.41 to 0.62
All cardiovascular disease	530	557.86	1343.66	0.42	0.37 to 0.46
Rheumatic heart disease	3	3.16	29.26	0.11	0.02 to 0.35
Other ischaemic heart disease	139	146.31	405.98	0.36	0.29 to 0.44
Acute myocardial infarction	270	284.19	638.56	0.45	0.38 to 0.52
Hypertension	15	15.79	37.95	0.42	0.21 to 0.74
All other cardiovascular disease	103	108.41	231.91	0.47	0.37 to 0.59
Non-malignant respiratory disease	58	61.05	208.23	0.29	0.21 to 0.40
Ulcer of stomach+duodenum	12	12.63	26.30	0.48	0.22 to 0.91
Liver cirrhosis	54	56.84	150.60	0.38	0.27 to 0.52
Nephritis and nephrosis	1	1.05	13.99
Influenza and pneumonia	23	24.21	97.23	0.25	0.15 to 0.40
All other infectious diseases (except AIDS)	18	18.95	45.32	0.42	0.23 to 0.71
AIDS	5	5.26	11.93	0.44	0.12 to 1.14
Aircraft accidents	226	237.88	5.20	45.74	38.83 to 53.62
All external except aircraft	289	304.19	488.11	0.62	0.54 to 0.72
Motor vehicle accidents	71	74.73	102.29	0.73	0.55 to 0.96
Suicides	114	119.99	186.12	0.64	0.51 to 0.80
Homicides, except unclear accidents	2	2.11	16.63
Unclear accidental deaths	6	6.32	14.20	0.44	0.14 to 1.06
All other external causes	96	101.05	168.86	0.60	0.47 to 0.76
Ill-defined cause of death	51	53.68	109.38	0.49	0.35 to 0.68
All other causes	203	213.67	518.85	0.41	0.35 to 0.49
Unknown cause	135

*Including one case that could neither be classified as CLL or non-CLL.
CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; CNS, central nervous system; Observed_C, numbers of death corrected for missing causes using the method proposed by Rittgen and Becker (see Methods); SMR_C, standardised mortality ratio, using numbers of death corrected for missing causes.