Associations between occupational exposures and level of FEV1 (mL) in the LifeLines cohort
| LifeLines | FEV1 (mL) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Never smokers | Ever smokers | Men | Women | ||||||
| Exposure† | b (95% CI) | N (%) | b (95% CI) | N | b (95% CI) | N | b (95% CI) | N | b (95% CI) | N |
| VGDF | ||||||||||
| Non-exposed | Ref | 6534 (55) | Ref | 2910 | Ref | 3624 | Ref | 2580 | Ref | 3954 |
| Low | −9 (−28 to 9) | 3985 (34) | −4 (−31 to 23) | 1633 | −14 (−38 to 11) | 2352 | −23 (−61 to 15) | 1167 | −5 (−23 to 13) | 2818 |
| High | −83 (−115 to −51)*** | 1332 (11) | −65 (−114 to −16)** | 548 ‡ | −96 (−138 to −55)*** | 784 | −83 (−125 to −40)*** | 1131 | −65 (−138 to 8) | 201 |
| Gases/fumes | ||||||||||
| Non-exposed | Ref | 7007 (59) | Ref | 3154 | Ref | 3853 | Ref | 2702 | Ref | 4305 |
| Low | −13 (−31 to 5) | 4159 (35) | −4 (−31 to 23) | 1692 | −21 (−45 to 4) | 2467 | −34 (−71 to 2) | 1566 ‡ | −3 (−22 to 16) | 2593 |
| High | −73 (−110 to −35)*** | 685 (6) | −35 (−95 to 24) | 245 ‡ | −96 (−144 to −47)*** | 440 | −76 (−125 to −27)** | 610 | −36 (−122 to 51) | 75 |
| Mineral dust | ||||||||||
| Non-exposed | Ref | 9389 (79) | Ref | 4121 | Ref | 5268 | Ref | 3366 | Ref | 6023 |
| Low | −28 (−52 to −5)* | 1924 (16) | −9 (−45 to 26) | 754 ‡ | −45 (−75 to −14)** | 1170 | −56 (−96 to −17)** | 1037 ‡ | −4 (−31 to 24) | 887 |
| High | −65 (−111 to −18)** | 538 (5) | −79 (−151 to −7)* | 216 | −57 (−118 to 4) | 322 | −65 (−125 to −5)* | 475 | −69 (−186 to 48) | 63 |
| Biological dust | ||||||||||
| Non-exposed | Ref | 8127 (69) | Ref | 3514 | Ref | 4613 | Ref | 3729 | Ref | 4398 |
| Low | −7 (−26 to 13) | 3256 (28) | −10 (−39 to 18) | 1355 | −4 (−30 to 22) | 1901 | −3 (−47 to 41) | 783 | −11 (−30 to 8) | 2473 |
| High | −35 (−85 to 16) | 468 (4) | −7 (−80 to 65) | 222 ‡ | −58 (−128 to 12) | 246 | −46 (−113 to 22) | 366 | 29 (−75 to 133) | 102 |
| All pesticides | ||||||||||
| Non-exposed | Ref | 11 369 (96) | Ref | 4844 | Ref | 6525 | Ref | 4523 | Ref | 6846 |
| Low | −51 (−102 to 0)* | 370 (3) | −19 (−88 to 50) | 192 ‡ | −91 (−165 to −17)* | 178 | −54 (−127 to 18) | 264 | −26 (−103 to 50) | 106 |
| High | −113 (−201 to −25)* | 112 (1) | −102 (−223 to 20) | 55 | −127 (−253 to −1)* | 57 | −94 (−213 to 24) | 91 | −110 (−274 to 54) | 21 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Non-exposed | Ref | 11 680 (99) | Ref | 5008 | Ref | 6672 | Ref | 4746 | Ref | 6934 |
| Low | −59 (−140 to 22) | 132 (1) | −34 (−146 to 77) | 64 | −82 (−197 to 33) | 68 | −38 (−148 to 72) | 104 | −81 (−223 to 61) | 28 |
| High | −204 (−350 to −58)** | 39 (0.3) | −175 (−376 to 26) | 19 | −241 (−450 to −32)* | 20 | −172 (−379 to 35) | 28 | −191 (−416 to 34) | 11 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Non-exposed | Ref | 11 425 (96) | Ref | 4870 | Ref | 6555 | Ref | 4576 | Ref | 6849 |
| Low | −50 (−105 to 5) | 315 (3) | −1 (−75 to 73) | 166 | −109 (−190 to −28)** | 149 | −56 (−137 to 25) | 212 | −21 (−99 to 56) | 103 |
| High | −109 (−197 to −21)* | 111 (1) | −98 (−219 to 24) | 55 | −124 (−251 to 4) | 56 | −91 (−210 to 28) | 90 | −109 (−273 to 55) | 21 |
Statistically significant associations are depicted in bold.
Associations between occupational exposures and level of FEV1 (mL) using linear regression with adjustment for sex, age, height, weight, current, ex-smoking and (log) packyears smoked in the LifeLines cohort study. The analyses with VGDF, gases, fumes, mineral dust and biological dust were additionally adjusted for pesticide exposure, whereas the analyses with pesticides, herbicides and insecticides were additionally adjusted for VGDF exposure. Stratification according to smoking status (never/ever) and gender is shown.
*p<0.05.
**p<0.01.
***p<0.001.
†Occupational exposures (no/low/high) were estimated based on job title and function using the ALOHA+job exposure matrix. Non-exposed subjects were assigned as reference category (Ref).
‡Significantly different for never and ever smokers or men and women (ie, p value for interaction <0.05).
VGDF, vapours, gases, dust and fumes.