Variable | Non-COPD n=8529 (85.2%) | COPD n=1479 (14.8%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No CMH | CMH | p Value | No CMH | CMH | p Value | |
n (%) | 8236 (96.6) | 293 (3.4) | 1350 (91.3) | 129 (8.7) | ||
Males, n (%) | 1907 (40.0) | 164 (56.0) | <0.001 | 619 (45.9) | 73 (56.6) | 0.020 |
Age (years), median (range) | 46.4 (18–89) | 47.0 (26–79) | 0.257 | 52.3 (26–86) | 51.0 (34–86) | 0.933 |
BMI (kg/height2), mean (SD) | 26.2 (4.2) | 27.0 (4.7) | 0.001 | 26.0 (3.7) | 26.3 (4.6) | 0.549 |
Lung function | ||||||
FEV1 (L), mean (SD) | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.6 (0.8) | 0.142 | 2.8 (0.8) | 2.7 (0.8) | 0.006 |
FEV1/FVC (%), median (range) | 78.8 (70–100) | 78.0 (70–96) | 0.016 | 66.0 (39–70) | 65.0 (33–70) | <0.001 |
# FEV1, % predicted (%), mean (SD) | 105.2 (12.6) | 104.0 (12.6) | 0.097 | 91.7 (14.3) | 84.6 (17.1) | <0.001 |
ETS | ||||||
By mother during childhood, n (%) | 2820 (34.3) | 92 (31.5) | 0.316 | 492 (31.8) | 48 (33.8) | 0.400 |
By father during childhood, n (%) | 6288 (76.6) | 229 (78.2) | 0.545 | 1283 (83.4) | 124 (87.3) | 0.284 |
By others, n (%)* | 1756 (21.3) | 108 (36.9) | <0.001 | 323 (23.9) | 56 (43.4) | <0.001 |
At work, n (%) | 472 (5.7) | 36 (12.3) | <0.001 | 97 (7.2) | 15 (11.6) | 0.071 |
Smoking habits | ||||||
Never smoking, n (%) | 3711 (45.1) | 97 (33.1) | <0.001 | 357 (26.4) | 23 (17.8) | <0.001 |
Ex smoking, n (%) | 3006 (36.5) | 86 (29.4) | 0.013 | 580 (43.0) | 47 (36.4) | 0.153 |
Pack-years, median (range) | 7.0 (0.05–7.5) | 7.9 (0.1–47.0) | 0.525 | 10.9 (0.05–100) | 16.3 (0.05–67.5) | 0.005 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 1519 (18.4) | 110 (37.5) | <0.001 | 413 (30.6) | 59 (45.7) | 0.001 |
Pack-years, median (range) | 13.5 (0.25–70.5) | 21.0 (1.05–84.0) | <0.001 | 21.4 (0.45–100) | 26.3 (2.75–69.0) | 0.003 |
bold=p value <0.05.
*At least one hour per day during the last year.
†Lung function reference equations according to Quanjer et al.21
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CMH, chronic mucus hypersecretion; BMI, Body Mass Index; ETS, environmental tobacco smoke.