Adjusted HRs per 10 μg m−3 increment of geometric mean black smoke concentration for 1970–79, with corresponding 95% CI for all-cause and cause-specific mortality for the Renfrew/Paisley and Collaborative cohorts with stepwise adjustment of risk factors in Renfrew/Paisley and Collaborative cohorts with MultiBS
| All-cause | CVD | IHD | Respiratory | Lung cancer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model covariates* | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI |
| Renfrew/Paisley | ||||||||||
| Black smoke only | 1.12 | (1.05 to 1.18) | 1.09 | (1.00 to 1.20) | 1.12 | (1.01 to 1.23) | 1.34 | (1.08 to 1.65) | 1.07 | (0.89 to 1.28) |
| +Marital status | 1.10 | (1.04 to 1.16) | 1.08 | (0.99 to 1.19) | 1.10 | (0.99 to 1.22) | 1.31 | (1.06 to 1.62) | 1.07 | (0.89 to 1.28) |
| +Body mass index | 1.10 | (1.03 to 1.16) | 1.08 | (0.99 to 1.19) | 1.11 | (1.00 to 1.23) | 1.28 | (1.03 to 1.58) | 1.04 | (0.87 to 1.24) |
| +Smoking | 1.08 | (1.02 to 1.15) | 1.07 | (0.98 to 1.18) | 1.10 | (0.99 to 1.22) | 1.27 | (1.02 to 1.56) | 1.01 | (0.85 to 1.21) |
| +Cholesterol | 1.08 | (1.02 to 1.15) | 1.07 | (0.97 to 1.17) | 1.09 | (0.98 to 1.21) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| +Systolic blood pressure | 1.11 | (1.05 to 1.18) | 1.12 | (1.02 to 1.24) | 1.14 | (1.03 to 1.26) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| +Social class† | 1.10 | (1.04 to 1.17) | 1.11 | (1.01 to 1.22) | 1.13 | (1.02 to 1.25) | 1.26 | (1.02 to 1.55) | 1.00 | (0.84 to 1.20) |
| +Deprivation category‡ | 1.08 | (1.02 to 1.15) | 1.10 | (1.00 to 1.22) | 1.12 | (1.00 to 1.25) | 1.30 | (1.04 to 1.63) | 0.99 | (0.81 to 1.21) |
| Collaborative | ||||||||||
| Black smoke only | 1.06 | (1.01 to 1.11) | 1.06 | (0.98 to 1.15) | 1.06 | (0.97 to 1.16) | 1.09 | (0.90 to 1.32) | 1.22 | (1.06 to 1.42) |
| +Marital status | 1.05 | (1.00 to 1.10) | 1.06 | (0.98 to 1.14) | 1.05 | (0.97 to 1.15) | 1.06 | (0.87 to 1.28) | 1.19 | (1.03 to 1.38) |
| +Body mass index | 1.04 | (0.99 to 1.09) | 1.06 | (0.98 to 1.14) | 1.05 | (0.96 to 1.15) | 1.04 | (0.86 to 1.27) | 1.18 | (1.02 to 1.37) |
| +Smoking | 1.02 | (0.97 to 1.07) | 1.03 | (0.95 to 1.11) | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.12) | 0.99 | (0.81 to 1.20) | 1.12 | (0.97 to 1.30) |
| +Cholesterol | 1.02 | (0.97 to 1.07) | 1.04 | (0.96 to 1.12) | 1.04 | (0.95 to 1.13) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| +Systolic blood pressure | 1.02 | (0.97 to 1.07) | 1.04 | (0.96 to 1.12) | 1.04 | (0.95 to 1.13) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| +Social class† | 1.01 | (0.96 to 1.06) | 1.03 | (0.95 to 1.12) | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.12) | 0.97 | (0.79 to 1.18) | 1.11 | (0.96 to 1.30) |
| +Deprivation category‡ | 1.01 | (0.95 to 1.06) | 1.02 | (0.93 to 1.10) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.11) | 0.96 | (0.78 to 1.18) | 1.15 | (0.98 to 1.34) |
*All models are stratified by 1 year age group and gender.
†Model presented in table 2A,B.
‡Model presented in table 2C,D.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; IHD, ischaemic heart disease.