Table 2

Adjusted HRs per 10 μg m⁻³ increment of geometric mean black smoke concentration for 1970–79 with corresponding 95% CI for all-cause and cause-specific mortality for follow-up till end of 1998 for Renfrew/Paisley and Collaborative cohorts.

Exposure model*	Cause**	Cases	N	HR	95% CI	p Value	Cases	N	HR	95% CI	p Value
		(A) Renfrew/Paisley (baseline risk factors)					(B) Collaborative (baseline risk factors)
MultiBS	All-cause	7691	15 188	1.10	(1.04 to 1.17)	0.002	2711	6257	1.01	(0.96 to 1.06)	0.75
	CVD	3014	15 188	1.11	(1.01 to 1.22)	0.028	1091	6257	1.03	(0.95 to 1.12)	0.48
	IHD	2512	15 188	1.13	(1.02 to 1.25)	0.019	890	6257	1.03	(0.94 to 1.12)	0.56
	Respiratory	606	15 331	1.26	(1.02 to 1.55)	0.035	174	6299	0.97	(0.79 to 1.18)	0.76
	Lung cancer	798	15 331	1.00	(0.84 to 1.20)	0.97	273	6299	1.11	(0.96 to 1.30)	0.17
AMBS	All-cause	7691	15 188	1.14	(1.04 to 1.24)	0.003	2687	6200	1.01	(0.96 to 1.06)	0.79
	CVD	3014	15 188	1.14	(1.00 to 1.31)	0.052	1082	6200	1.02	(0.95 to 1.11)	0.55
	IHD	2512	15 188	1.19	(1.02 to 1.37)	0.023	883	6200	1.01	(0.92 to 1.10)	0.83
	Respiratory	606	15 331	1.43	(1.05 to 1.96)	0.023	173	6241	0.93	(0.76 to 1.14)	0.49
	Lung cancer	798	15 331	0.98	(0.76 to 1.26)	0.85	269	6241	1.15	(0.98 to 1.34)	0.082
IDWBS	All-cause	7691	15 188	0.90	(0.83 to 0.98)	0.014	2677	6174	1.00	(0.95 to 1.05)	0.98
	CVD	3014	15 188	0.77	(0.67 to 0.87)	<0.001	1078	6174	1.02	(0.95 to 1.10)	0.61
	IHD	2512	15 188	0.81	(0.70 to 0.93)	0.003	880	6174	1.01	(0.93 to 1.10)	0.80
	Respiratory	606	15 331	0.94	(0.71 to 1.26)	0.70	172	6214	0.96	(0.80 to 1.17)	0.71
	Lung cancer	798	15 331	1.33	(1.03 to 1.74)	0.032	266	6214	1.07	(0.93 to 1.24)	0.34

		(C) Renfrew/Paisley (baseline risk factors and DEPCAT)					(D) Collaborative (baseline risk factors and DEPCAT)
MultiBS	All-cause	7691	15 188	1.08	(1.02 to 1.15)	0.015	2710	6255	1.01	(0.95 to 1.06)	0.82
	CVD	3014	15 188	1.10	(1.00 to 1.22)	0.060	1091	6255	1.02	(0.93 to 1.10)	0.72
	IHD	2512	15 188	1.12	(1.00 to 1.25)	0.050	890	6255	1.01	(0.92 to 1.11)	0.87
	Respiratory	606	15 331	1.30	(1.04 to 1.63)	0.024	174	6297	0.96	(0.78 to 1.18)	0.69
	Lung cancer	798	15 331	0.99	(0.81 to 1.21)	0.92	273	6297	1.15	(0.98 to 1.34)	0.095
AMBS	All-cause	7691	15 188	1.12	(1.02 to 1.23)	0.015	2686	6198	1.01	(0.96 to 1.06)	0.80
	CVD	3014	15 188	1.14	(0.98 to 1.32)	0.089	1082	6198	1.02	(0.94 to 1.11)	0.67
	IHD	2512	15 188	1.18	(1.00 to 1.39)	0.047	883	6198	1.00	(0.91 to 1.09)	0.93
	Respiratory	606	15 331	1.57	(1.12 to 2.19)	0.009	173	6239	0.91	(0.74 to 1.12)	0.38
	Lung cancer	798	15 331	0.96	(0.72 to 1.28)	0.77	269	6239	1.18	(1.00 to 1.38)	0.047
IDWBS	All-cause	7691	15 188	0.86	(0.79 to 0.94)	0.001	2676	6172	1.00	(0.95 to 1.05)	0.91
	CVD	3014	15 188	0.71	(0.61 to 0.82)	<0.001	1078	6172	1.02	(0.94 to 1.11)	0.59
	IHD	2512	15 188	0.74	(0.63 to 0.87)	<0.001	880	6172	1.00	(0.92 to 1.09)	0.98
	Respiratory	606	15 331	0.80	(0.57 to 1.11)	0.18	172	6212	0.93	(0.75 to 1.14)	0.47
	Lung cancer	798	15 331	1.34	(1.00 to 1.79)	0.050	266	6212	1.10	(0.95 to 1.28)	0.21

HRs in Panels (A) and (B) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for baseline risk factors (marital status, body mass index, smoking, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, social class). Panels (C) and (D) outline effect of adjustment for area-level Deprivation Category in addition to above baseline risk factors.
*MultiBS, multilevel Black Smoke Model with local air quality predictors; AMBS, additive model using area-based imputed data and local air quality predictors.
IDWBS, inverse-distance weighted assignment using area-based imputed data.
**CVD, cardiovascular disease; IHD, ischaemic heart disease.