Methodological quality appraisal of the studies
Study references | Methodological items | Score (%) | Adjusted analysis | Quality | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 3A | 3B | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8A | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12A | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15A | ||||
Prospective/retrospective cohort studies | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Tüchsen et al 35 | + | – | – | +* | – | + | NA | NA | + | + | – | + | – | + | + | +* | + | 67 | Yes | High | |||
Tüchsen et al 36 | + | + | – | + | – | +* | NA | NA | + | + | – | + | – | + | + | ? | + | 67 | Yes | High | |||
Angersbach et al 37 | + | – | + | – | NA | NA | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | + | – | NA | – | 50 | No | Low | |||
Case-control studies | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Kleiven et al 38 | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | NA | NA | + | + | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | 76 | Yes | High | |
Bourbonnais et al 39 | – | + | + | + | – | – | + | NA | NA | + | + | – | – | – | + | – | + | + | + | 59 | Yes | High | |
Cross-sectional studies | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Higashi et al 40 | + | + | + | + | + | NA | NA | + | – | – | – | + | – | NA | + | 67 | Yes | High | |||||
Niedhammer et al 41 | + | + | + | – | +† | NA | NA | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | 62 | Yes | High | |||||
Böckerman and Laukkanen42 | + | + | – | – | +* | NA | NA | – | – | – | – | + | + | +* | + | 54 | Yes | High | |||||
Ohayon et al 43 | + | + | – | + | + | NA | NA | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | + | 54 | Yes | High | |||||
Eyal et al 44 | + | + | ?‡ | – | + | NA | NA | + | – | – | – | + | – | + | + | 54 | Yes | High | |||||
Chan et al 45 | + | + | + | NA | NA | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | – | NA | + | 75 | No | Low | |||||
Koller46 | + | + | + | + | + | NA | NA | – | + | – | – | + | – | NA | + | 67 | No | Low | |||||
Smith et al 47 | + | + | + | – | + | NA | NA | + | – | – | – | NA | – | NA | + | 55 | No | Low | |||||
Colligan et al 48 | + | + | + | – | + | NA | NA | + | – | – | – | + | – | NA | – | 50 | No | Low | |||||
Drake et al 49 | + | + | – | – | + | NA | NA | + | – | – | – | + | – | NA | + | 50 | No | Low | |||||
Chee and Rampal50 | + | + | –* | – | +* | + | +* | – | – | – | – | NA | – | NA | + | 46 | No | Low | |||||
Lambert et al 51 | + | + | – | – | – | NA | NA | – | – | + | – | + | – | + | + | 46 | No | Low | |||||
Olsen and Dahl52 | + | – | – | – | +† | NA | NA | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | 46 | No | Low | |||||
Jamal and Baba53 | – | + | – | + | + | NA | NA | + | – | – | – | + | – | NA | – | 42 | No | Low | |||||
Sveinsdottir54 | + | + | – | – | + | NA | NA | – | – | – | – | + | – | NA | + | 42 | No | Low | |||||
Demerouti et al 55 | + | + | – | + | –* | NA | NA | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | – | 38 | No | Low | |||||
Aguirre and Foret56 | + | + | ?‡ | + | – | NA | NA | – | + | – | – | – | – | NA | + | 42 | No | Low | |||||
Drago and Wooden57 | + | + | – | – | – | NA | NA | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | + | 38 | No | Low | |||||
Fawer and Lob58 | – | – | + | – | – | NA | NA | – | – | – | – | NA | – | NA | + | 18 | No | Low |