Mixed-model analyses of clinical outcomes for participants in TAU+OT (n=78) and TAU (n=39)
| Outcome variable | 6 months (T1) | 12 months (T2) | 18 months (T3) | Model | B (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRSD | Group | −1.4 (−3.7 to 0.9)* | 0.25 | |||
| TAU+OT | 11.2 (6.6) | 7.1 (6.7) | 4.7 (5.4) | Time | −2.8 (−3.4 to −2.2)* | <0.001 |
| TAU | 12.4 (8.1) | 9.6 (7.8) | 8.8 (8.2) | Group×Time | −1.5 (−2.8 to −0.3)* | 0.03 |
| Adjusted effect OT (Δ)† | +0.1 | +1.4 | −2.8 | |||
| (−2.5 to +2.7) | (−1.0 to +3.7) | (−5.5 to −0.2) | ||||
| HRSD remission (≤7) | Group | 0.2 (−0.6 to 1.0) | 0.65 | |||
| TAU+OT (%) | 32 | 57 | 77 | Time | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) | <0.001 |
| TAU (%) | 31 | 47 | 52 | Group×Time | 0.6 (0.0 to 1.2) | 0.05 |
| Adjusted effect (%)OT (Δ)† | −7 | +2 | +18 | |||
| (−19% to +5%) | (−11% to +15%) | (+7% to +30%) | ||||
| IDS-SR | Group | −0.1 (−4.5 to 4.2)* | 0.95 | |||
| TAU+OT | 28.1 (13.7) | 22.4 (13.1) | 18.6 (11.7) | Time | −4.2 (−5.2 to −3.2)* | <0.001 |
| TAU | 29.7 (16.2) | 24.6 (15.1) | 23.4 (15.2) | Group×Time | −1.6 (−3.7 to 0.5)* | 0.13 |
| Adjusted effect OT (Δ)† | 1.5 | −0.1 | −1.8 | |||
| (−3.3 to +6.3) | (−4.3 to +4.0) | (−6.6 to +3.1) | ||||
| IDS-SR remission (≤15) | Group | −0.2 (−1.1 to 0.6) | 0.53 | |||
| TAU+OT (%) | 22 | 28 | 38 | Time | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.6) | <0.001 |
| TAU (%) | 21 | 27 | 27 | Group×Time | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.6) | 0.32 |
| Adjusted effect OT (Δ)† | −8% | −9% | −1% | |||
| (−19% to +3%) | (−20% to +3%) | (−13% to +11%) | ||||
| MOS-SF 36 Mental Health | Group | 1.1 (−6.1 to 8.3)* | 0.76 | |||
| TAU+OT | 52.2 (19.6) | 61.7 (18.6) | 65.9 (18.0) | Time | 5.8 (4.3 to 7.2)* | <0.001 |
| TAU | 50.6 (22.9) | 57.0 (22.5) | 57.9 (22.7) | Time2 | −2.7 (−5.2 to −0.2)* | 0.04 |
| Adjusted effect OT (Δ)† | −1.4 | +1.1 | +4.3 | Group×Time | 3.2 (−0.2 to 6.3)* | 0.04 |
| (−6.4 to +9.2) | (−6.1 to +8.3) | (−3.5 to +12.2) | Group×Time2 | 0.2 (−4.9 to 5.2)* | 0.95 | |
| MOS-SF 36 Role Emotional | Group | −1.1 (−13.7 to 11.5)* | 0.86 | |||
| TAU+OT | 33.5 (36.9) | 62.1 (34.5) | 62.5 (37.0) | Time | 12.7 (9.2 to 16.2)* | <0.001 |
| TAU | 36.9 (40.3) | 54.4 (37.4) | 54.9 (39.7) | Time2 | −12.2 (−18.3 to −6.2)* | <0.001 |
| Adjusted effect OT (Δ)† | −6.8 | −1.2 | +4.3 | Group×Time | 5.5 (−1.8 to 12.9)* | 0.14 |
| (−9.8 to +23.3) | (−16.0 to +13.5) | (−12.3 to +20.9) | Group×Time2 | −5.5 (−18.3 to 7.3)* | 0.40 | |
| MOS-SF 36 Role Physical | Group | −1.4 (−14.1 to 11.3)* | 0.83 | |||
| TAU+OT | 46.8 (39.3) | 63.9 (34.1) | 66.1 (35.7) | Time | 7.9 (4.3 to 11.4)* | <0.001 |
| TAU | 46.3 (44.0) | 62.8 (36.1) | 62.0 (40.8) | Time2 | −8.6 (−14.8 to −2.4)* | 0.01 |
| Adjusted effect OT (Δ)† | −4.2 | +1.0 | +6.3 | Group×Time | −5.2 (−12.8 to 2.3)* | 0.18 |
| (−24.1 to +15.7) | (−17.3 to +19.3) | (−13.6 to +26.1) | Group×Time2 | −3.7 (−16.8 to 9.4)* | 0.58 | |
Data are mean (SD) or percentage, unless stated otherwise. All analyses are adjusted for covariates (propensity score) and baseline measure. TAU is the reference category for Group, Time is coded as −1(T1), 0(T2), 1(T3). Time2 is coded as 1(T1), 0(T2), 1(T3).
*Analysis is based on change scores from baseline.
†Adjusted differences between treatment groups and their 95% CIs.
HRSD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; IDS-SR, Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self-report; MOS-SF 36, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form; OT, occupational therapy; TAU, treatment-as-usual.