Variable | Programme | Time point | ES (95% CI) | p Value | |||
IG: n=75 | Baseline, mean (SD) | Post intervention, mean (SD) | Group effect | Time effect | Group×time effect | ||
CG: n=79 | |||||||
Cortisol (n=130) | |||||||
Area under the curve, morning | IG | 18.23 (5.26) | 15.73 (7.71) | 0.379 (0.006 to 0751) | 0.303 | 0.000 | 0.708 |
CG | 17.49 (6.09) | 14.42 (8.26) | 0.424 (−0.074 to 0.774) | ||||
Cortisol awakening response | IG | 9.08 (7.10) | 8.25 (9.10) | 0.102 (−0.261 to 0.465) | 0.894 | 0.083 | 0.359 |
CG | 9.85 (8.17) | 7.18 (9.19) | 0.307 (−0.041 to 0.655) | ||||
Area under the curve, daytime | IG | 62.20 (24.82) | 57.70 (39.46) | 0.136 (−0.241 to 0.513) | 0.568 | 0.002 | 0.114 |
CG | 64.03 (23.05) | 50.62 (28.73) | 0.515 (−0.163 to 0.867) | ||||
Daytime slope cortisol | IG | −0.633 (0.283) | −0.642 (0.436) | 0.024 (−0.331 to 0.380) | 0.320 | 0.567 | 0.746 |
CG | −0.575 (0.306) | −0.609 (0.315) | 0.092 (−0.243 to 0.428) | ||||
α-Amylase (n=127) | |||||||
Area under the curve, morning | IG | 46.26 (35.70) | 38.59 (25.96) | 0.246 (−0.148 to 0.640) | 0.924 | 0.011 | 0.550 |
CG | 47.79 (74.17) | 35.51 (31.87) | 0.215 (−0.150 to 0.581) | ||||
Area under the curve, daytime | IG | 1230.1 (919.0) | 983.2 (599.5) | 0.318 (−0.070 to 0.706) | 0.664 | 0.005 | 0.076 |
CG | 1075 (819.6) | 1018.8 (776.0) | 0.071 (−0.280 to 0.421) | ||||
Daytime slope, α-amylase | IG | 0.130 (0.231) | 0.048 (0.254) | 0.338 (−0.028 to 0.703) | 0.479 | 0.127 | 0.075 |
CG | 0.109 (0.197) | 0.116 (0.256) | 0.031 (−0.369 to 0.307) |
CG, control group; ES, effect size (Cohen's d); IG, intervention group.