Sickness absence | Phase 2 GHQ score | Rate ratio (95% CI) | |||||
Men (n=3638) | Women (n=1466) | ||||||
Model 1* | Model 2 † | Model 3‡ | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | ||
Psychiatric long spells | 0–2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
3–4 | 1.08 (0.58 to 2.03) | 1.02 (0.54 to 1.93) | 0.99 (0.53 to 1.87) | 1.02 (0.53 to 1.95) | 0.94 (0.48 to 1.81) | 0.86 (0.45 to 1.66) | |
5+ | 2.26 (1.57 to 3.25) | 1.95 (1.32 to 2.86) | 1.67 (1.13 to 2.46) | 1.39 (0.93 to 2.09) | 1.15 (0.75 to 1.75) | 1.02 (0.66 to 1.56) | |
Non-psychiatric long spells | 0–2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
3–4 | 1.10 (0.88 to 1.37) | 1.08 (0.86 to 1.34) | 1.02 (0.82 to 1.27) | 1.16 (0.89 to 1.50) | 1.15 (0.88 to 1.48) | 1.11 (0.87 to 1.43) | |
5+ | 1.31 (1.13 to 1.52) | 1.25 (1.07 to 1.46) | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25) | 1.09 (0.92 to 1.29) | 1.09 (0.92 to 1.30) | 0.96 (0.81 to 1.14) | |
All diagnoses long spells | 0–2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
3–4 | 1.16 (0.94 to 1.42) | 1.13 (0.92 to 1.38) | 1.07 (0.88 to 1.31) | 1.16 (0.92 to 1.46) | 1.13 (0.90 to 1.43) | 1.09 (0.87 to 1.36) | |
5+ | 1.48 (1.29 to 1.69) | 1.39 (1.20 to 1.60) | 1.19 (1.03 to 1.37) | 1.15 (0.99 to 1.33) | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.31) | 1.00 (0.86 to 1.17) |
↵* Model 1 adjusts for age and employment grade.
↵† Model 2 adjusts for age, employment grade, work characteristics (decision latitude, job demands, work support, effort–reward imbalance), marital status, social support (confiding/emotional, practical, negative aspects, network outside household) and material problems.
↵‡ Model 3 additionally adjusts for alcohol consumption, self-reported health, health problems in last year, presence of longstanding illness and presence of physical illness.
GHQ, General Health Questionnaire.