Physical risk factors for low back pain | |
Lift heavy loads† | 1.04 (0.49 to 2.21) |
Carry heavy loads† | 0.52 (0.27 to 1.01) |
Drive machines† | 1.00 (0.44 to 2.25) |
Bend trunk forwards and backwards | 1.08 (0.65 to 1.78) |
Awkward posture | 1.86 (1.15 to 3.01) |
Twisted posture | 1.35 (0.77 to 2.36) |
Awkward and twisted posture | 1.16 (0.69 to 2.01) |
Same posture | 0.93 (0.67 to 1.30) |
Physical risk factors for neck pain | |
Bend neck forwards or hold neck in a forward bent posture | 1.00 (0.70 to 1.43) |
Bend neck backwards† | 1.38 (0.77 to 2.49) |
Neck in twisted posture | 1.06 (0.67 to 1.65) |