Cost prices, mean (SD) total costs and differences in mean total costs (95% CI) during the 12-month follow-up
| Type of costs | Cost prices per unit | Mean costs (SD) | Cost difference (95% CI) | |
| WI (n=73) | UC (n=72) | |||
| Healthcare costs for society | ||||
| Occupational physician | 24† | 194 (126) | 184 (129) | 10 (−31 to 53) |
| General practitioner | 22† | 193 (200) | 204 (165) | −10 (−65 to 54) |
| Company social worker | 70‡ | 183 (297) | 162 (265) | 21 (−60 to 114) |
| Social worker | 52† | 34 (131) | 35 (148) | −1 (−51 to 37) |
| Specialised mental healthcare | 83† | 601 (826) | 373 (646) | 229 (−3 to 483) |
| Regional Institute for Community Mental Health Care (including Drug and Alcohol Abuse Centre) | 134† | 147 (505) | 279 (1020) | −132 (−498 to 53) |
| Physiotherapist | 25§ | 262 (425) | 227 (358) | 35 (−93 to 157) |
| Medical specialist | 61† | 226 (466) | 413 (596) | −186 (−358 to 1) |
| Part-time psychiatric day program | 270† | 96 (595) | 139 (840) | −43 (−344 to 153) |
| Hospitalisation | 514† | 299 (2202) | 220 (692) | 79 (−248 to 1026) |
| Professional home healthcare and home assistance | 37† | 48 (414) | 83 (518) | −34 (−220 to 97) |
| Alternative healthcare* | 31–133‡ § | 77 (227) | 46 (165) | 30 (−30 to 100) |
| Support group/self-help courses* | 13–106‡ § | 14 (61) | 22 (96) | −8 (−40 to 13) |
| Medication | Variable¶ | 272 (509) | 371 (574) | −99 (−282 to 64) |
| Workplace intervention | 763** | 554 (343)†† | 0 | 554 (461 to 617) |
| Total healthcare costs | 3201 (3597) | 2758 (2534) | 443 (−441 to 1692) | |
| Costs of occupational health services for employer | ||||
| Occupational physician | 24–73‡ | 486 (402) | 503 (423) | −17 (−170 to 117) |
| Company social worker | 70–112‡ | 273 (467) | 226 (392) | 47 (−84 to 185) |
| Psychologist | 145‡ | 73 (289) | 74 (321) | −1 (−111 to 94) |
| Workplace intervention | 763** | 554 (343)†† | 0 | 554 (461 to 617) |
| Total costs of occupational health services | 1386 (787) | 802 (757) | 584 (317 to 824) | |
| Costs of productivity loss | ||||
| Productivity loss net HCA | Production loss per hour based on age and sex† | 17842 (15378) | 16440 (14542) | 1403 (−3244 to 5737) |
| Productivity loss net FCA | Production loss per hour based on age and sex† | 13297 (11150) | 12181 (9378) | 1116 (−2065 to 4476) |
All costs are given in Euros. FCA, friction cost approach; HCA, human capital approach; UC, usual care; WI, workplace intervention.
↵* Participants consulted 13 different alternative healthcare providers; participants participated in 13 different support groups or self-help courses.
Cost price sources:
↵† Dutch guidelines for costing studies;
↵‡ respective providers or professional organisations;
↵§ Dutch Central Organization for Health Care Charges;
↵¶ Royal Dutch Society for Pharmacy;
↵** determined via bottom-up calculation (table 4).
↵†† The cost price of the workplace intervention was €763. Fifty three employees participated in the workplace intervention but the workplace intervention group consisted of 73 participants. Therefore, the mean cost of the workplace intervention is €554.