Table 1

Risk of bladder cancer by occupation (SOC), by sex, New England, 2001–2004†

SOC	Occupation	Men (n=895 cases, 1031 controls)				Women (n=263 cases, 371 controls)
SOC	Occupation	Cases (n)	Cont (n)	OR	95% CI	Cases (n)	Cont (n)	OR	95% CI
A priori high-risk occupations
141	Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists	22^*	51^*	0.5^*	0.3 to 0.9^*	8	8	2.2	0.8 to 6.6
162–3	Engineers	55	85	0.7	0.5 to 1.1	1	0	–	–
	1634 Industrial engineers	12	7	2.2	0.8 to 5.8	0	0	–	–
29	Registered nurses	2	3	–	–	13	25	0.9	0.4 to 2.0
42	Sales occupations, commodities except retail	48	66	0.9	0.6 to 1.3	3	3	–	–
43	Sales occupations, retail	114	125	1.1	0.8 to 1.5	74	115	1.0	0.7 to 1.5
	4359 Salespersons, NEC	7	15	0.5	0.2 to 1.3	5	13	0.7	0.2 to 2.0
46–7	Administrative support occupations, including clerical	209	264	0.9	0.8 to 1.2	124^*	191^*	0.7^*	0.5 to 0.99^*
	462 Secretaries, stenographers and typists	4	12	0.3	0.1 to 1.1	58	66	1.3	0.8 to 2.0
	464 Information clerks	13^*	9^*	2.6^*	1.1 to 6.5^*	13	30	0.7	0.3 to 1.4
	471 Financial record processing occupations	18	35	0.6	0.3 to 1.2	42^*	47^*	2.4^*	1.4 to 4.0^*
	4713 Payroll and timekeeping clerks	4	12	0.4	0.1 to 1.3	2	6	0.3	0.1 to 1.5
	479 Miscellaneous administrative support occupations, including clerical	11	14	1.0	0.4 to 2.3	17^*	46^*	0.4^*	0.2 to 0.8^*
51	Protective service occupations	71	83	0.9	0.7 to 1.3	4	5	–	–
	5123 Firefighting occupations	13	21	0.7	0.3 to 1.5	0	0	–	–
	514 Guards	34	32	1.1	0.6 to 1.8	3	3	–	–
5214	Cooks, except short order	31	36	0.9	0.5 to 1.5	13	18	0.8	0.4 to 1.9
5215	Short-order cooks	15	10	1.6	0.7 to 3.7	3	6	–	–
5216	Food counter, fountain and related occupations	11	7	2.6	1.0 to 7.2	12	18	0.9	0.4 to 2.1
523	Health service occupations	29	29	1.3	0.7 to 2.3	38^*	36^*	2.5^*	1.4 to 4.4^*
524	Cleaning and building service occupations, except private household	82^*	65^*	1.8^*	1.3 to 2.6^*	28^*	19^*	3.7^*	1.8 to 7.3^*
	5242 Maids and housemen	2	1	–	–	17^*	10^*	2.5^*	1.02 to 6.1^*
	5244 Janitors and cleaners	70	52	1.4	1.0 to 2.1	11	7	2.7	0.9 to 8.0
5253	Hairdressers and cosmetologists	1	1	–	–	7	10	1.7	0.6 to 5.3
5622	Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm	31	45	0.8	0.5 to 1.4	2	1	–	–
61	Mechanics and repairers	217^*	212^*	1.3^*	1.04 to 1.6^*	2	4	–	–
	611 Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers	119^*	110^*	1.5^*	1.1 to 2.0^*	1	1	–	–
	6111 Automobile mechanics	59^*	46^*	1.6^*	1.05 to 2.4^*	0	0	–	–
	615 Electrical and electronic machinery repairers	58^*	49^*	1.5^*	1.02 to 2.3^*	0	1	–	–
64	Construction trades	186	204	1.1	0.8 to 1.3	5	1	–	–
	641 Brickmasons, stonemasons and hard tile setters	13	8	2.2	0.9 to 5.6	0	0	–	–
	6422 Carpenters	67	88	0.8	0.5 to 1.1	2	0	–	–
	6432 Electricians	19	20	1.1	0.6 to 2.1	0	0	–	–
	6442 Painters (construction and maintenance)	19	21	1.0	0.5 to 2.1	1	0	–	–
	645 Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters	33	25	1.5	0.8 to 2.5	0	0	–	–
681–2	Precision metalworkers	53^*	37^*	2.2^*	1.4 to 3.4^*	0	2	–	–
	6813 Machinists	23	17	1.6	0.8 to 3.1	0	1	–	–
683	Precision woodworkers	7	12	0.7	0.2 to 1.7	0	1	–	–
763	Woodworking machine operators and tenders	15	18	0.8	0.4 to 1.7	3	4	–	–
687	Precision food production occupations	15	24	0.7	0.3 to 1.4	2	0	–	–
	6871 Butchers and meat cutters	11	14	0.9	0.4 to 2.0	0	0	–	–
6931	Stationary engineers	11	8	1.5	0.6 to 3.9	0	0	–	–
73	Machine setup operators (metals and plastics)	14	7	2.3	0.9 to 5.9	2	0	–	–
75	Machine operators and tenders (metals and plastics)	58^*	50^*	1.6^*	1.05 to 2.4^*	7	6	–	–
	751–2 Metalworking and plasticworking machine operators and tenders	47^*	35^*	1.6^*	1.01 to 2.6^*	5	3	–	–
	7529 Miscellaneous metalworking/plasticworking machine operators	14^*	6^*	2.8^*	1.002 to 7.6^*	0	1	–	–
764	Printing machine operators and tenders	9	17	0.5	0.2 to 1.2	2	4	–	–
765	Textile, apparel and furnishings machine operators and tenders	46^*	29^*	2.0^*	1.2 to 3.3^*	27	32	1.0	0.6 to 1.9
77	Fabricators, assemblers and hand working occupations	109	104	1.1	0.8 to 1.5	36	40	1.4	0.8 to 2.3
	7714 Welders and cutters	21	20	1.0	0.5 to 2.0	1	1	–	–
821	Motor vehicle operators	202	208	1.0	0.8 to 1.3	8	9	1.0	0.3 to 2.8
	8212 Truck drivers, tractor-trailer	54	69	0.9	0.6 to 1.3	1	0	–	–
	8213 Truck drivers, heavy	57	47	1.3	0.9 to 2.0	1	0	–	–
	8214 Truck drivers, light	43	56	0.8	0.5 to 1.2	2	2	–	–
	8216 Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs	23	21	1.1	0.6 to 2.0	1	1	–	–
8243	Sailors and deckhands	19	13	1.7	0.8 to 3.6	0	0	–	–
873	Garage and service station related occupations	42	44	1.0	0.7 to 1.6	0	2	–	–
91	Military occupations	180^*	170^*	1.3^*	1.02 to 1.7^*	2	0	–	–
A posteriori high- and low-risk occupations
1352	Managers, entertainment and recreation facilities	4^*	13^*	0.3^*	0.1 to 0.97^*	0	4	–	–
14	Management-related occupations	54^*	95^*	0.7^*	0.5 to 0.9^*	20^*	20^*	2.7^*	1.3 to 5.5^*
	144 Purchasing agents and buyers	7	15	0.5	0.2 to 1.2	2	3	–	–
1712	Computer systems analysts	13^*	4^*	4.4^*	1.3 to 14^*	0	2	–	–
20	Social, recreation and religious workers	18	28	0.8	0.4 to 1.6	13	8	2.4	0.9 to 6.5
	203 Social and recreation workers	10	15	0.7	0.3 to 1.8	12	7	2.6	0.9 to 7.7
	2032 Social workers	8	8	1.0	0.4 to 3.0	10	6	2.6	0.8 to 8.3
22	Teachers, college, university and other postsecondary institution	25	35	1.3	0.8 to 2.3	6	23	0.5	0.2 to 1.3
	223 Teachers, health specialties/business/agriculture/art/music/English	11^*	6^*	3.9^*	1.4 to 11^*	3	13	0.6	0.1 to 2.1
232	Elementary school teachers	3	12	0.4	0.1 to 1.4	7	15	0.7	0.3 to 2.0
32	Writers, artists, performers and related workers	24	33	1.2	0.7 to 2.0	12^*	8^*	3.7^*	1.4 to 10^*
	322 Designers	5	16	0.4	0.2 to 1.3	7	5	–	–
372	Drafting occupations	28^*	18^*	2.0^*	1.05 to 3.7^*	0	2	–	–
473	Communications equipment operators	9	3	–	–	10	24	0.5	0.2 to 1.0
	4732 Telephone operators	6	1	–	–	9	22	0.4	0.2 to 1.1
474	Mail and message distribution occupations	44	43	1.2	0.8 to 2.0	8	7	2.4	0.8 to 7.4
478	Adjusters, investigators and collectors	13	16	1.5	0.7 to 3.2	9	6	2.4	0.8 to 7.3
50	Private household occupations	1	4	–	–	15^*	16^*	2.7^*	1.2 to 6.1^*
52	Service occupations, except private household and protective	216^*	204^*	1.5^*	1.2 to 1.9^*	125^*	152^*	1.6^*	1.1 to 2.3^*
58	Fishers, hunters and trappers	17	11	2.1	0.9 to 4.7	0	1	–	–
6157	Telephone line installers and repairers	14	8	2.2	0.8 to 5.5	0	0	–	–
6313	Supervisors, carpenters and related workers	5	14	0.4	0.1 to 1.1	0	0	–	–
78	Production inspectors, testers, samplers and weighers	29	41	0.8	0.5 to 1.3	14^*	8^*	3.6^*	1.4 to 9.3^*
	782 Production inspectors, checkers and examiners	16	25	0.6	0.3 to 1.3	12	6	2.2	0.7 to 6.7
81	Supervisors, transportation and material moving occupations	9	7	2.1	0.8 to 5.9	0	0	–	–

↵* Statistically significant association.
↵† Adjusted for age (<55, 55–64, 65–74, 75+ years), race (white only, Native American/white, other races), Hispanic ethnicity (yes/no), state (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont), smoking status (never, occasional (<100 cigarettes over lifetime), former, current), and employment in high-risk occupations other than the one being analysed (ever/never).
Cont, Controls; NEC, not elsewhere classified; SOC, Standard Occupational Classification.