Exposure/exposure level | Study I: 1979–1986 | Study II: 1996–2001 | Pooled studies: population controls only† | Pooled studies: population and cancer controls‡ | ||||||
Population controls | Cancer controls | Population controls | ||||||||
Ca/Co | OR (95% CI) | Ca/Co | OR (95% CI) | Ca/Co | OR (95% CI) | Ca/Co | OR (95% CI) | Ca/Co | OR (95% CI) | |
Total N | 857/533 | 857/1349 | 765/899 | 1622/1432 | 1622/1965 | |||||
Not exposed | 676/441 | 1.0 | 676/1105 | 1.0 | 618/750 | 1.0 | 1294/1191 | 1.0 | 1294/1634 | 1.0 |
Metal coatings | ||||||||||
Any exposure | 68/35 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.0) | 68/97 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 67/83 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 135/118 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 135/151 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) |
Cumulative exposure | ||||||||||
Non-substantial | 41/27 | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.7) | 41/54 | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.9) | 50/69 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) | 91/96 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) | 91/115 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.5) |
Substantial | 27/8 | 2.6 (1.1 to 6.6) | 27/43 | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.8) | 17/14 | 1.3 (0.7 to 4.3) | 44/22 | 1.6 (0.8 to 2.6) | 44/36 | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.1) |
Duration exposed | ||||||||||
≤15 years | 39/18 | 1.9 (0.9 to 3.8) | 39/40 | 1.6 (0.8 to 2.7) | 9/20 | 0.4 (0.2 to 1.0) | 48/38 | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0) | 48/52 | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.1) |
>15 years | 29/17 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.9) | 29/57 | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.8) | 58/63 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | 87/80 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) | 87/99 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) |
Year of first exposure | ||||||||||
≤1965 | 45/27 | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | 45/71 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.5) | 37/43 | 1.2 (0.4 to 1.8) | 82/70 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.9) | 82/94 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.5) |
>1965 | 23/8 | 1.5 (0.6 to 5.5) | 23/26 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6) | 30/40 | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.6) | 53/48 | 0.9 (0.3 to 1.8) | 53/57 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) |
Wood vanishes and stains | ||||||||||
Any exposure | 54/24 | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.5) | 54/62 | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.1) | 59/43 | 2.2 (1.3 to 3.5) | 113/67 | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.8) | 113/93 | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.3) |
Cumulative exposure | ||||||||||
Non-substantial | 24/7 | 1.7 (0.6 to 4.2) | 24/27 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.1) | 46/33 | 2.3 (1.2 to 3.9) | 70/40 | 1.9 (0.9 to 2.8) | 70/51 | 1.8 (0.7 to 1.6) |
Substantial | 30/17 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.1) | 30/35 | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.7) | 13/10 | 2.1 (0.8 to 5.8) | 43/27 | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.4) | 43/42 | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.9) |
Duration exposed | ||||||||||
≤15 years | 35/8 | 3.1 (1.3 to 8.8) | 35/30 | 2.1 (1.0 to 3.6) | 17/11 | 1.5 (0.5 to 3.9) | 52/19 | 1.7 (0.7 to 2.6) | 52/31 | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.4) |
>15 years | 19/16 | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.3) | 19/32 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 42/32 | 2.2 (1.2 to 3.6) | 61/48 | 1.3 (0.7 to 1.8) | 61/62 | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) |
Year of first exposure | ||||||||||
≤1965 | 36/16 | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.9) | 36/40 | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.6) | 42/23 | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.6) | 78/39 | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.3) | 78/55 | 1.8 (1.2 to 2.8) |
>1965 | 18/8 | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.6) | 18/22 | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.6) | 17/20 | 0.9 (0.5 to 2.1) | 35/28 | 1.1 (0.7 to 2.1) | 35/38 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.4) |
Wood and gypsum paints | ||||||||||
Any exposure | 119/63 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | 119/169 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 83/76 | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.2) | 202/139 | 1.4 (0.9 to 1.9) | 202/201 | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.7) |
Cumulative exposure | ||||||||||
Non-substantial | 63/32 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.8) | 63/107 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) | 62/61 | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.9) | 125/93 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.9) | 125/130 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) |
Substantial | 56/31 | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.1) | 56/62 | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.1) | 21/15 | 1.9 (1.0 to 4.3) | 77/46 | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.7) | 77/71 | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5) |
Duration exposed | ||||||||||
≤15 years | 60/26 | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.0) | 60/89 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | 23/26 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.5) | 83/52 | 1.2 (0.8 to 2.4) | 83/84 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) |
>15 years | 59/37 | 0.9 (0.6 to 0.5) | 59/80 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) | 60/50 | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.2) | 119/87 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.5) | 119/117 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.7) |
Year of first exposure | ||||||||||
≤1965 | 97/49 | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.9) | 97/134 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 24/16 | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.3) | 121/65 | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.4) | 121/114 | 1.4 (0.8 to 1.9) |
>1965 | 22/14 | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.1) | 22/35 | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | 59/60 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | 81/74 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 81/87 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) |
↵* OR adjusted for age, family income, ethnicity, respondent status, years of schooling, tobacco smoking (three variables) and exposure to at least one of the other occupational hazards (asbestos, silica, cadmium compounds). Non-exposure was defined as not exposed to any of the three substances.
↵† For study I we included only the 533 population controls. The statistical model included, in addition to those listed above, a variable for study (I or II).
↵‡ For study I we included all 533 population controls and 533 randomly drawn cancer controls. The statistical model included, in addition to those listed above, a variable for study (I or II).
Ca/Co, cases/controls.