Table 2 Yearly trends in flour dust and fungal α-amylase exposure between 1993 and 2007, stratified for sector
SectorFunctionDustFungal α-amylase
No*Trend (%/year)Significance (p value)No*Trend (%/year)Significance (p value)
Bakeries§ (1993–2007)1259−1.90.081149−8.20.00
Bread bakers3050.80.572813.00.23
Dough makers†233−4.00.00221−0.00.90
Pastry bakers1044.00.1887−10.00.01
General baker‡122−3.60.0010920.40.00
Cleaners¶46−3.70.0243−4.80.08
Maintenance workers¶30−21.20.0229−16.00.10
Low-exposed jobs4070.00.94379−1.30.29
Flour mills§ (2001–2007)291−11.90.01230−3.30.81
Miller39−11.30.3332−14.40.45
Baggers22−10.70.2616−1.90.93
Cleaners32−11.50.272514.30.47
Storage workers27−16.00.23
General operators33−7.20.4419−20.40.33
Quality controllers31−14.70.0326−8.60.56
Maintenance worker47−10.60.0141−20.70.01
Chef290.40.9728−13.60.33
Ingredient producers§ (2001–2007)217−6.10.4220228.50.16
Quality controllers25−9.90.252231.80.15
Chef1526.50.201566.50.12
Weigher/mixer12−22.30.061176.90.04
Bagger384.20.633756.60.01
Storage worker3110.70.292917.70.24
General operator300.80.931516.50.38
Dumper31−1.60.82303.20.85
  • Results are based on mixed-effects regression models with time period and job as fixed effects and company and worker as random effects. Bold values are significant at the p<0.10 level.

  • *Number of samples used in the analysis. †Only in industrial bakeries. ‡Only in traditional bakeries. §Only jobs with >5 samples in both measurement studies were evaluated. ¶Corrected for sampling time.