Baseline characteristics of participants overall and at the endpoint
| Overall (n=13444) | Survivors (n=8412) | Deaths (n=1318) | Censored during 2002–2006 (n=2385) | Censored during 1999–2002 (n=1329) | |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 74 (5.5) | 73 (5.3) | 77 (5.0) | 75 (5.4) | 76 (5.4) |
| Female (%)* | 6580 (49) | 4246 (51) | 426 (32) | 1231 (52) | 677 (51) |
| Mean body mass index (SD)† | 22 (3.1) | 22 (2.9) | 21 (3.2) | 22 (3.2) | 22 (3.5) |
| Smoking category* | |||||
| Non-smoker | 9135 (68) | 5876 (70) | 782 (59) | 1631 (68) | 846 (64) |
| Ex-smoker | 1537 (11) | 951 (11) | 198 (15) | 261 (11) | 127 (9.6) |
| Current smoker | 2176 (16) | 1262 (15) | 260 (20) | 398 (17) | 256 (19) |
| Unknown | 596 (4.4) | 323 (3.8) | 78 (5.9) | 95 (4.0) | 100 (7.5) |
| Hypertension (%) | 4144 (31) | 2659 (32) | 376 (29) | 749 (31) | 360 (27) |
| Diabetes (%) | 1045 (7.8) | 556 (6.6) | 153 (12) | 209 (8.8) | 127 (9.6) |
| Financial capability* | |||||
| Capable | 7340 (55) | 4881 (58) | 696 (53) | 1162 (49) | 601 (45) |
| Non-capable | 4064 (30) | 2394 (29) | 389 (30) | 804 (34) | 477 (36) |
| Unknown | 2040 (15) | 1137 (14) | 233 (18) | 419 (18) | 251 (19) |
| Mean NO2 concentration for 2000–2005, μg/m3 (SD) | 25 (12) | 25 (12) | 25 (12) | 26 (12) | 26 (12) |