| Landfill exposure index | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| Median (range) | 0 (0) | 0.04 (0.01–0.10) | 0.21 (0.11–0.38) | 0.68 (0.39–2.53) |
| Squares, n | 4592 | 293 | 278 | 274 |
| Births, n | 6 853 913 | 1 030 341 | 1 080 011 | 1 165 022 |
| All anomalies | ||||
| Rate | 1309.7 | 1397.4 | 1455.0 | 1454.3 |
| Unadjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.09) | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13) | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.10) | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.13) | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.10) |
| Hypospadias and epispadias | ||||
| Rate | 116.9 | 117.7 | 134.2 | 137.6 |
| Unadjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) | 1.18 (1.12 to 1.24) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.09) | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21) | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.22) |
| Neural tube defects | ||||
| Rate | 53.0 | 58.6 | 57.5 | 64.6 |
| Unadjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21) | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.18) | 1.22 (1.13 to 1.32) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.94 to 1.16) | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.09) | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.20) |
| Cardiovascular defects | ||||
| Rate | 80.0 | 84.9 | 104.9 | 95.9 |
| Unadjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.14) | 1.31 (1.23 to 1.40) | 1.20 (1.12 to 1.28) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11) | 1.16 (1.00 to 1.33) | 1.02 (0.89 to 1.16) |
| Abdominal wall defects | ||||
| Rate | 22.4 | 25.2 | 26.1 | 26.6 |
| Unadjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.28) | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.32) | 1.19 (1.05 to 1.34) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.23) | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.25) | 1.10 (0.96 to 1.25) |
*Adjusted in the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model for deprivation, the presence or absence of a local registry and maternal age.
Values for special waste sites operational at some time between 1982 and 1997.