Age, years, mean (SD) | 63.04 (9.9) |
% Female | 52.4% |
Race/ethnicity (% distribution) | |
Caucasian | 41.2% |
Chinese | 8.5% |
African American | 30.5% |
Hispanic | 19.8% |
Study site (% distribution) | |
Baltimore | 17.8% |
Chicago | 21.0% |
Forsyth County | 18.8% |
Los Angeles | 18.5% |
New York City | 15.9% |
St Paul | 8.0% |
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.4 (5.3) |
Dietary protein, mean (SD) | |
Per cent of total calories | 16.0 (3.7) |
Smoking status (% distribution) | |
Never | 50.2% |
Former | 38.4% |
Current | 11.4% |
ETS exposure | |
None | 64.1% |
At least 1 h per week | 35.9% |
UACR (mg/g*), median (SD) | |
Visit 1 | 4.6 (99.1) |
Visit 2 | 4.8 (97.5) |
Visit 3 | 5.4 (100.3) |
UACR categories (based on visit 1 levels) | |
Normal (<15 mg/g) | 78.7% |
High normal (⩾15 mg/g, <25 mg/g) | 10.3% |
Microalbuminuria (>25 mg/g, <250 mg/g) | 10.0% |
Macroalbuminuria (>250 mg/g) | 1.0% |
*Examination 1, n = 3901; examination 2, n = 3899; examination 3, n = 3708.
ETS, environmental tobacco smoke; UACR, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; SD, standard deviation.