Table 3

Age-adjusted associations of health-related behaviours with medically confirmed (4+ days) sickness absence spells among men and women. Additional adjustments for psychosocial and physical working conditions and occupational class. Rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) and population attributable fractions (PAFs*).

MenWomen
AgeAge and psychosocial working conditionsAge and physical working conditionsAge and occupational classPAFAgeAge and psychosocial working conditionsAge and physical working conditionsAge and occupational classPAF
Smoking
    Heavy2.21 (1.72 to 2.85)2.00 (1.58 to 2.55)1.90 (1.52 to 2.37)1.66 (1.31 to 2.10)5.91.77 (1.59 to 1.97)1.70 (1.52 to 1.89)1.65 (1.49 to 1.83)1.49 (1.34 to 1.65)4.1
    Moderate1.37 (1.04 to 1.79)1.36 (1.05 to 1.75)1.33 (1.05 to 1.68)1.23 (0.96 to 1.57)3.51.50 (1.36 to 1.66)1.48 (1.33 to 1.63)1.42 (1.29 to 1.57)1.32 (1.20 to 1.46)3.9
    Ex1.24 (0.99 to 1.54)1.20 (0.97 to 1.47)1.19 (0.98 to 1.44)1.10 (0.90 to 1.34)3.41.25 (1.14 to 1.37)1.24 (1.13 to 1.35)1.23 (1.13 to 1.34)1.18 (1.08 to 1.29)3.5
    Never1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00
12.911.5
Alcohol use
    Very high1.42 (1.02 to 1.98)1.28 (0.94 to 1.75)1.44 (1.07 to 1.93)1.46 (1.09 to 1.97)1.81.27 (1.03 to 1.56)1.24 (1.02 to 1.51)1.32 (1.09 to 1.60)1.36 (1.13 to 1.65)0.9
    High1.15 (0.87 to 1.52)1.15 (0.89 to 1.50)1.30 (1.01 to 1.66)1.24 (0.96 to 1.59)3.21.08 (0.94 to 1.21)1.07 (0.96 to 1.19)1.14 (1.02 to 1.26)1.12 (1.01 to 1.24)1.6
    Abstainer1.49 (1.16 to 1.92)1.49 (1.18 to 1.90)1.39 (1.11 to 1.74)1.35 (1.08 to 1.70)3.71.20 (1.11 to 1.30)1.18 (1.09 to 1.28)1.14 (1.06 to 1.23)1.10 (1.02 to 1.18)3.0
    Moderate1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00
8.85.5
Physical activity
    Low1.52 (1.19 to 1.95)1.39 (1.10 to 1.75)1.47 (1.19 to 1.83)1.47 (1.18 to 1.83)7.81.16 (1.04 to 1.29)1.14 (1.03 to 1.27)1.17 (1.06 to 1.29)1.17 (1.06 to 1.29)3.6
    21.14 (0.87 to 1.50)1.03 (0.79 to 1.32)1.15 (0.90 to 1.45)1.18 (0.93 to 1.50)1.61.16 (1.05 to 1.28)1.14 (1.03 to 1.26)1.17 (1.06 to 1.28)1.19 (1.08 to 1.31)4.4
    31.09 (0.84 to 1.41)1.07 (0.84 to 1.35)1.13 (0.90 to 1.42)1.13 (0.90 to 1.41)2.41.06 (0.95 to 1.18)1.05 (0.94 to 1.16)1.05 (0.95 to 1.16)1.07 (0.97 to 1.18)1.5
    High1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00
11.99.5
Dietary habits
    Poor1.24 (0.95 to 1.62)1.12 (0.87 to 1.44)1.12 (0.89 to 1.42)1.02 (0.80 to 1.29)−0.21.23 (1.11 to 1.36)1.17 (1.06 to 1.29)1.20 (1.09 to 1.32)1.09 (0.99 to 1.20)2.4
    21.13 (0.84 to 1.52)1.03 (0.78 to 1.36)1.13 (0.87 to 1.46)1.07 (0.82 to 1.39)0.71.04 (0.94 to 1.16)1.02 (0.92 to 1.12)1.03 (0.94 to 1.14)0.97 (0.88 to 1.07)−0.3
    31.00 (0.74 to 1.37)0.98 (0.74 to 1.31)0.99 (0.76 to 1.29)0.98 (0.74 to 1.29)−0.61.02 (0.93 to 1.13)1.01 (0.92 to 1.12)1.01 (0.92 to 1.11)0.98 (0.89 to 1.07)−0.3
    Good1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00
−0.11.9
Relative weight
    Obese2.39 (1.87 to 3.05)2.22 (1.77 to 2.79)2.06 (1.66 to 2.55)2.04 (1.64 to 2.54)9.61.93 (1.75 to 2.12)1.89 (1.72 to 2.08)1.79 (1.63 to 1.95)1.72 (1.57 to 1.89)8.0
    Overweight1.48 (1.20 to 1.82)1.47 (1.22 to 1.79)1.44 (1.20 to 1.73)1.41 (1.17 to 1.70)13.61.37 (1.26 to 1.49)1.33 (1.23 to 1.45)1.28 (1.19 to 1.39)1.27 (1.17 to 1.37)6.1
    Underweight1.24 (0.68 to 2.28)1.19 (0.68 to 2.10)1.09 (0.64 to 1.86)1.21 (0.70 to 2.08)0.31.13 (0.98 to 1.31)1.14 (0.99 to 1.32)1.12 (0.98 to 1.28)1.15 (1.01 to 1.32)0.9
    Normal weight1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00
23.515.0
  • *PAFs calculated from models adjusting for all factors (age, psychosocial and physical working conditions and occupational class).