| Residence | Cases, n | Controls, n | OR (95% CI)* |
| No proximity to industries | 769 | 831 | 1.00 |
| Proximity to non-PAH emitting industries | 126 | 144 | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.25) |
| Proximity to PAHs emitting industries | 226 | 215 | 1.23 (0.98 to 1.55) |
| ptrend = 0.111 | |||
| No proximity to industries | 769 | 831 | 1.00 |
| Proximity to non-diesel emitting industries | 126 | 144 | 0.94 (0.72 to 1.24) |
| Proximity to diesel emitting industries | 55 | 49 | 1.25 (0.82 to 1.90) |
| ptrend = 0.570 | |||
| No proximity to industries | 769 | 831 | 1.00 |
| Proximity to industries non-PAH non-diesel emitting | 126 | 144 | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.25) |
| Proximity to industries emitting PAHs or diesel | 171 | 168 | 1.21 (0.94 to 1.55) |
| Proximity to industries emitting both PAHs and diesel | 55 | 48 | 1.29 (0.85 to 1.98) |
| ptrend = 0.102 |
*Adjusted for age, gender, smoking pack-years, region and a priori high risk occupations (additional adjustment for chlorination by-products and consumption of fruit and vegetables did not modify the results).
Risk of bladder cancer (odds ratios) for living close to industries emitting PAHs or diesel according to an industrial hygienist evaluation (only those subjects who reported the type of industry and emissions were evaluated).