Table 2 Female characteristics according to income level (n = 1707)
CharacteristicsIncome level
Low (n = 162)Average (n = 1026)High (n = 519)
MeanSEn (%)MeanSEn (%)MeanSEn (%)p Value*
Age (years)43.10.6344.30.2547.10.35<0.001
Non-work factors
    Marital status<0.001
        Married/co-habiting94 (57.9)763 (74.1)443 (85.3)
        Single/divorced/widowed68 (42.1)263 (25.9)76 (14.7)
    Disadvantaged housing conditions0.490.040.390.010.300.02<0.001
    Lack of social support outside work13.30.2212.60.1012.40.120.001
    Victim of violence0.007
        No140 (86.6)934 (91.7)490 (94.4)
        Yes22 (13.4)86 (8.3)29 (5.6)
    Smoking0.074
        No126 (77.9)782 (76.4)437 (84.4)
        Yes36 (22.1)243 (23.6)82 (15.6)
    Abnormal somatic health0.122
        No56 (34.2)408 (39.4)214 (40.7)
        Yes105 (65.8)615 (60.6)305 (59.3)
    Number of physical symptoms0.022
        011 (6.8)115 (11.2)50 (9.7)
        1–247 (29.8)393 (38.7)188 (36.3)
        3 or more101 (63.5)505 (50.1)276 (54.0)
Work factors
    Job demands2.920.073.140.033.280.04<0.001
    Lack of job control2.520.052.460.022.190.03<0.001
    Lack of social support at work2.080.091.970.032.010.040.438
    Lack of educational prospects at work2.740.092.670.032.360.05<0.001
    Job insecurity1.680.081.620.031.490.030.016
  • *p Value for difference (χ2 test and ANOVA) between lowest and highest income categories. SE, standard error.