Table 4 Cohort study of asbestos cement workers in Casale Monferrato, Italy: mortality for the major causes of death in 1965–2003 by duration of exposure in the factory

	Duration of exposure in the factory
	<1 year			1–4 years			5–9 years			10–19 years			20–29 years			⩾30 years
	Obs	Exp	SMR	Obs	Exp	SMR	Obs	Exp	SMR	Obs	Exp	SMR	Obs	Exp	SMR	Obs	Exp	SMR
Men
All causes	50	37.9	132.0	128	106.8	119.8	166	125.0	132.8**	408	302.1	135.0**	453	315.8	143.4**	233	176.5	132.0**
MN peritoneum	0	0.06	–	2	0.1	1360.2*	3	0.2	1735.6**	9	0.4	2443.0**	13	0.4	3438.3**	9	0.2	5425.5**
MN lung	7	4.6	153.3	17	11.0	153.9	29	12.8	225.9**	73	26.2	278.3**	86	30.5	281.5**	25	12.5	200.0**
MN pleura	2	0.1	1397.9*	8	0.3	2329.9**	13	0.4	3338.8**	18	0.8	2267.7**	42	0.9	4539.6**	13	0.4	3237.2**
Cardiovascular	9	12.2	73.8	28	38.3	73.1	43	44.9	95.7	108	123.0	87.8	95	128.3	74.0**	57	80.3	71.0**
diseases
Asbestosis	0	0.01	–	3	0.03	10949.6**	13	0.03	38790.1**	39	0.08	49341.4**	64	0.09	74873.5**	43	0.04	105832.3**
Women
All causes	12	5.2	231.9*	24	22.2	107.9	37	26.5	139.4	94	64.1	146.7**	116	79.6	145.7**	88	50.5	174.3**
MN peritoneum	0	0.02	–	0	0.06	–	0	0.08	–	5	0.2	2909.6**	8	0.2	4365.9**	3	0.1	2593.2**
MN lung	0	0.2	–	3	0.5	553.7*	0	0.7	–	2	1.5	132.5	2	1.5	128.7	5	1.0	509.7**
MN pleura	2	0.02	10367.3**	2	0.06	3197.2**	2	0.08	2542.1**	9	0.2	5305.3**	11	0.2	6012.5**	13	0.1	11300.3**
MN uterus	0	0.2	–	1	0.5	195.1	3	0.7	449.4	2	1.6	123.1	7	1.7	406.3**	2	1.1	175.1
MN ovary	0	0.1	–	1	0.4	238.8	0	0.5	–	3	1.1	270.1	3	1.1	275.3	2	0.7	297.3
Cardiovascular	3	1.5	196.5	2	9.1	22.1**	10	10.4	95.8	28	26.8	104.5	29	37.1	78.1	28	23.6	118.6
diseases
Asbestosis	0	0.0	–	0	0.0	–	1	0.00	44798.9**	7	0.01	127723.2**	7	0.01	120452.9**	9	0.00	229270.1**

*p<0.05; **p<0.01. Exp, expected; MN, malignant neoplasm; Obs, observed; SMR, standardised mortality ratio.