Design first author | Definition of exposure(s) | Sub-category of injury | No in analysis | Effect measure | Point estimate | Confounders considered | ||
(95% CI) | ||||||||
HEARING | ||||||||
Cross-sectional studies | ||||||||
Browning SR (1998)8 | Self-reported hearing difficulty (other than deafness) | All | 998 | OR | 1.59 (0.95 to 2.67) | a, s, l, t, o, y, w | ||
Chau N (2004)10 | Physician-determined hearing disorder (criteria unstated) | Fall, same level | 880 | OR | 1.18 (0.65 to 2.15) | a, s, l, t, o, y | ||
Fall, lower level | 880 | OR | 1.43 (0.89 to 2.27) | |||||
Injury from handling | 880 | OR | 0.66 (0.41 to 1.06) | |||||
Injury from hand tool | 880 | OR | 0.56 (0.22 to 1.46) | |||||
Injury from machinery | 880 | OR | 1.10 (0.60 to 1.99) | |||||
Injury from moving object | 880 | OR | 2.02 (1.08 to 3.75) | |||||
Injury requiring hospitalisation | 880 | OR | 1.69 (1.12 to 2.55) | |||||
Injury with sick leave >60 days | 880 | OR | 1.65 (1.10 to 2.49) | |||||
Hwang SA (2001)15 | At least “a little trouble hearing in either or both ears” | All | 1523 | OR | 1.86 (1.22 to 2.83) | a, l, t, w | ||
Lewis MQ (1998)16 | Self-reported hearing problem (no details) | All | 390 | OR | 2.04 (0.90 to 4.65)* | s, l, t, o | ||
Xiang H (1999)20 | Self-reported hearing loss | All | 113 | OR | 1.88 (0.55 to 6.41)* | a, s, l, t, o, al | ||
Zwerling C (1995)21, (1996)22 | Self-reported poor or fair hearing with hearing aid vs others | Injuries in non-farmers | 6370 | OR | 1.60 (1.11 to 2.30) | a, s, t, o | ||
Injuries in agricultural workers | 237 | OR | 0.29 (0.01 to 2.22) | |||||
Zwerling C (1997)23 | Deaf, as assessed by interviewer | All | ∼76 600 | OR | 2.19 (1.17 to 4.12) | a, s, t, o | ||
Self-reported hearing impairment | All | ∼76 600 | OR | 1.55 (1.29 to 1.87) | ||||
Case-control studies | ||||||||
Chau N (2004)25 | Physician-determined hearing disorder (criteria unstated) | All | 1760 | OR | 1.30 (0.94 to 1.80) | a, s, l, t, o, y | ||
Crawford JM (1998)26 | Self-reported hearing in right ear “not good” | All | 1565 | OR | 1.90 (0.82 to 4.40) | a, s, l, t, o, w, al | ||
Moll van Charante AW (1990)31 | Hearing loss on PTA (vs ⩽20 dBHL and noise <82.5 dBA): | a, s, l, t, o, w, al | ||||||
⩽20 dBHL, noise >82.5 dBA | All | 512 | OR | 1.83 (1.17 to 2.88) | ||||
>20 dBHL, noise <82.5 dBA | 4.25 (2.14 to 8.47) | |||||||
>20 dBHL, noise >82.5 dBA | 1.80 (0.56 to 5.83) | |||||||
>20 dBHL overall | 1.90 (1.64 to 2.21) | a, s, l, t, o, w | ||||||
Sprince NL (2002)35, (2003a)36, (2003b)37, (2003c)38 | Wearing hearing aid | All injuries | 904 | OR | 2.36 (1.07 to 5.20) | a, s, l, t, o, w | ||
Injury from machinery | 678 | OR | 4.37 (1.55 to 12.25) | a, s, l, t, o, w, y, al | ||||
Injury from livestock | 458 | OR | 5.35 (1.59 to 18.0) | a, s, l, t, o | ||||
Fall-related injury | 552 | OR | 3.16 (1.11 to 9.00) | |||||
Self-reported hearing poor/fair vs better | All injuries | 902 | OR | 1.05 (0.76 to 1.46) | ||||
Injury from machinery | 676 | OR | 1.04 (0.69 to 1.58) | |||||
Injury from livestock | 457 | OR | 1.32 (0.80 to 2.20) | |||||
Fall-related injury | 552 | OR | 1.29 (0.74 to 2.26) | |||||
Difficulty hearing normal conversation with hearing aid | All injuries | 902 | OR | 1.42 (1.05 to 1.92) | ||||
Injury from machinery | 676 | OR | 1.40 (0.96 to 2.04) | |||||
Injury from livestock | 457 | OR | 1.79 (1.13 to 2.83) | |||||
Fall-related injury | 552 | OR | 1.82 (1.07 to 3.08) | |||||
Viljoen DA (2006)39 | Aural high tone hearing loss on PTA (vs none): | a, s, l, t, o, y, w | ||||||
<10% | All | 1080 | OR | 1.50 (0.85 to 2.64) | ||||
10–19% | 0.82 (0.32 to 2.12) | |||||||
20–54% | 2.28 (0.84 to 6.22) | |||||||
Cohort studies | ||||||||
Choi SW (2005)41 | PTA: | a, s, l, t, o, w | ||||||
>25 dBHL, both ears | All | 150 | RR | 1.44 (0.94 to 2.23) | ||||
>25 dBHL, worse ear | 1.35 (0.87 to 2.10) | |||||||
>25 dBHL, better ear | 1.62 (1.03 to 2.55) | |||||||
>5 dBHL hearing difference, worse vs better ear | 1.67 (1.14 to 2.44) | |||||||
Self-reported hearing fair/poor vs good | All | 150 | RR | 1.96 (1.26 to 3.05) | ||||
Park H (2001)43 | Self-reported hearing problem (no further details) | All | 290 | OR | 1.21 (0.55 to 2.65)* | s, l, t, o | ||
Zwerling C (1998b)44 | Self-reported poor hearing | All | 4883 | OR | 1.35 (0.95 to 1.93) | a, s, t, o | ||
VISION | ||||||||
Cross-sectional studies | ||||||||
Browning SR (1998)8 | Self-reported vision difficulty | All | 998 | OR | 1.42 (0.76 to 2.63) | a, s, l, t, o, y, w | ||
Lewis MQ (1998)16 | Self-reported problem of vision (no details) | All | 390 | OR | 0.63 (0.10 to 4.06)* | s, l, t, o | ||
Zwerling C (1995)21, (1996)22 | Self-reported poor or fair vision with glasses vs others | Injuries in non-farmers | 6370 | OR | 1.53 (1.11 to 2.09) | a, s, t, o | ||
Injuries in agricultural workers | 237 | 3.08 (0.41 to 19.19) | ||||||
Zwerling C (1997)23 | Blind, as assessed by interviewer | All | ∼76 600 | OR | 3.21 (1.32 to 7.85) | a, s, t, o | ||
Self-reported visual impairment | All | ∼76 600 | OR | 1.37 (0.87 to 2.17) | ||||
Case-control studies | ||||||||
Chau N (2004)25 | Physician-determined poorly corrected vision disorder (criteria unstated) | All | 1760 | OR | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | s, l, t, o | ||
Moll van Charante AW (1990)31 | Wearing glasses | All | 512 | OR | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.2) | a, s, l, t | ||
Sprince NL (2002)35, (2003a)36, (2003b)37, (2003c)38 | Wearing glasses | All | 904 | OR | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.18) | a, s, l, t, o | ||
Injuries from machinery | 678 | OR | 0.72 (0.50 to 1.02) | |||||
Injury from livestock | 458 | OR | 1.62 (0.97 to 2.73) | |||||
Fall-related injury | 552 | OR | 1.00 (0.58 to 1.72) | |||||
Self-reported vision poor/fair vs better | All | 904 | OR | 0.67 (0.37 to 1.21) | ||||
Injuries from machinery | 678 | OR | 0.47 (0.20 to 1.10) | |||||
Injuries from livestock | 458 | OR | 0.49 (0.17 to 1.41) | |||||
Fall-related injury | 552 | OR | 0.39 (0.10 to 1.56) | |||||
Voaklander DC (2006)40 | Medically diagnosed eye disorder (ICD 360–379) | All | 1692 | OR | 1.23 (0.83 to 1.83) | a, s, l, t, o | ||
Cohort studies | ||||||||
Park H (2001)43 | Vision problem | All | 290 | OR | 0 (0 to 1.56) | s, l, t, o | ||
Zwerling C (1998b)44 | Self-reported poor sight | All | 4883 | OR | 1.45 (0.94 to 2.22) | a, s, t, o |
a, age; al, alcohol consumption; dBHL, decibels hearing loss; ICD, international classification of diseases; I, location; o, occupation/job demands; OR, odds ratio; PTA, pure tone audiometry; RR, relative risk; s, sex; t, time period; w, weekly working hours; y, years of experience in job.
*Original 90% CI recalculated as 95% CI.