Bivariate associations between sample characteristics and heavy drinking, frequent drinking and drinking at work (n = 5338)*
| Characteristics | Heavy drinking | Frequent drinking | Drinking at work | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | OR (95% CI) | p Value | % | OR (95% CI) | p Value | % | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| *All bivariate analyses were conducted including design variables (worksite dominant occupation and management drinking tolerance). | |||||||||
| †Quartile ranges: 1st 2.58–2.77, 2nd 2.78–2.93, 3rd 2.94–3.03, 4th 3.04–3.36. | |||||||||
| ‡Worksite dominant occupation adjusting for management drinking tolerance and vice versa. | |||||||||
| Workgroup drinking social norms† | |||||||||
| 1st Quartile | 24.8 | 1 | 10.7 | 1 | 23.7 | 1 | |||
| 2nd Quartile | 23.9 | 0.84 (0.65 to 1.10) | 0.205 | 9.3 | 0.82 (0.55 to 1.22) | 0.327 | 12.4 | 0.57 (0.40 to 0.80) | 0.001 |
| 3rd Quartile | 18.7 | 0.58 (0.44 to 0.78) | <0.001 | 7.2 | 0.59 (0.39 to 0.92) | 0.018 | 7.3 | 0.45 (0.31 to 0.65) | <0.001 |
| 4th Quartile | 10.9 | 0.38 (0.27 to 0.54) | <0.001 | 5.4 | 0.36 (0.22 to 0.60) | <0.001 | 3.4 | 0.20 (0.12 to 0.34) | <0.001 |
| Sociodemographics | |||||||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 20.2 | 1 | 10.4 | 1 | 13.0 | 1 | |||
| Female | 17.1 | 0.55 (0.47 to 0.65) | <0.001 | 3.9 | 0.37 (0.28 to 0.48) | <0.001 | 7.3 | 0.47 (0.38 to 0.59) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| ⩽34 | 31.7 | 1 | 5.4 | 1 | 10.4 | 1 | |||
| 35–44 | 18.8 | 0.52 (0.44 to 0.62) | <0.001 | 8.5 | 1.47 (1.10 to 1.96) | 0.009 | 11.7 | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.36) | 0.549 |
| 45–54 | 11.9 | 0.32 (0.26 to 0.39) | <0.001 | 9.1 | 1.56 (1.16 to 2.11) | 0.003 | 11.2 | 1.16 (0.91 to 1.49) | 0.228 |
| ⩾55 | 6.7 | 0.17 (0.12 to 0.24) | <0.001 | 9.4 | 1.62 (1.12 to 2.36) | 0.011 | 8.2 | 0.94 (0.65 to 1.34) | 0.724 |
| Race | |||||||||
| White, non–Hispanic | 19.8 | 1 | 7.8 | 1 | 10.9 | 1 | |||
| Hispanic | 20.7 | 1.13 (0.78 to 1.64) | 0.508 | 7.6 | 0.97 (0.55 to 1.69) | 0.911 | 10.3 | 1.17 (0.71 to 1.92) | 0.539 |
| African-American | 12.4 | 0.53 (0.38 to 0.74) | <0.001 | 10.2 | 1.44 (1.01 to 2.06) | 0.047 | 11.1 | 1.24 (0.87 to 1.75) | 0.236 |
| Other | 10.9 | 0.50 (0.30 to 0.82) | 0.006 | 6.1 | 0.74 (0.38 to 1.41) | 0.359 | 7.3 | 0.58 (0.32 to 1.08) | 0.085 |
| Education | |||||||||
| ⩽High school | 13.7 | 1 | 7.8 | 1 | 4.6 | 1 | |||
| Technical school | 18.5 | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.92) | 0.002 | 7.0 | 0.86 (0.60 to 1.24) | 0.414 | 6.5 | 1.38 (0.92 to 2.06) | 0.121 |
| Some college | 21.0 | 1.44 (1.16 to 1.79) | 0.001 | 7.2 | 1.01 (0.74 to 1.38) | 0.935 | 9.4 | 1.99 (1.44 to 2.76) | <0.001 |
| Two year college degree | 16.1 | 1.05 (0.78 to 1.40) | 0.748 | 4.7 | 0.63 (0.39 to 1.00) | 0.053 | 10.9 | 2.19 (1.49 to 3.21) | <0.001 |
| Four year college degree | 25.9 | 1.86 (1.51 to 2.29) | <0.001 | 8.8 | 1.21 (0.90 to 1.62) | 0.203 | 15.9 | 2.98 (2.21 to 4.03) | <0.001 |
| Graduate degree | 20.1 | 1.37 (1.06 to 1.78) | 0.018 | 11.1 | 1.39 (0.99 to 1.95) | 0.059 | 24.2 | 3.66 (2.65 to 5.06) | <0.001 |
| Religiosity | |||||||||
| Once or more a week | 10.6 | 1 | 4.6 | 1 | 8.1 | 1 | |||
| At least once a month | 19.4 | 1.97 (1.61 to 2.42) | <0.001 | 6.2 | 1.38 (1.01 to 1.90) | 0.042 | 11.4 | 1.38 (1.08 to 1.77) | 0.010 |
| Less than twice a year | 24.9 | 2.73 (2.26 to 3.28) | <0.001 | 11.5 | 2.78 (2.13 to 3.63) | <0.001 | 12.4 | 1.64 (1.31 to 2.06) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Never married | 35.5 | 1 | 5.7 | 1 | 12.8 | 1 | |||
| Married | 15.1 | 0.36 (0.30 to 0.44) | <0.001 | 7.7 | 1.22 (0.87 to 1.73) | 0.250 | 10.6 | 0.82 (0.63 to 1.06) | 0.139 |
| Separated | 21.9 | 0.55 (0.44 to 0.70) | <0.001 | 7.6 | 1.31 (0.86 to 1.99) | 0.205 | 10.5 | 0.95 (0.68 to 1.32) | 0.752 |
| Remarried | 16.4 | 0.43 (0.33 to 0.55) | <0.001 | 11.1 | 1.85 (1.25 to 2.73) | 0.002 | 10.1 | 0.94 (0.68 to 1.31) | 0.727 |
| Living with children | |||||||||
| No | 21.8 | 1 | 8.1 | 1 | 11.1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 15.7 | 0.68 (0.59 to 0.78) | <0.001 | 7.7 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.12) | 0.376 | 10.4 | 0.83 (0.69 to 0.99) | 0.039 |
| Health-related | |||||||||
| Smoker | |||||||||
| Never | 16.1 | 1 | 5.4 | 1 | 10.1 | 1 | |||
| Ex-smoker | 18.8 | 1.29 (1.10 to 1.53) | 0.002 | 9.0 | 1.72 (1.35 to 2.20) | <0.001 | 12.3 | 1.40 (1.14 to 1.72) | 0.001 |
| Smoker | 25.6 | 1.95 (1.64 to 2.31) | <0.001 | 11.8 | 2.50 (1.94 to 3.22) | <0.001 | 10.3 | 1.39 (1.09 to 1.76) | 0.007 |
| Occupational | |||||||||
| Working offsite | |||||||||
| No | 18.5 | 1 | 7.0 | 1 | 7.7 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 20.8 | 1.14 (0.97 to 1.35) | 0.118 | 10.9 | 1.49 (1.19 to 1.87) | 0.001 | 20.6 | 2.13 (1.76 to 2.59) | <0.001 |
| Annual salary ($) | |||||||||
| <20K | 20.8 | 1 | 3.3 | 1 | 4.3 | 1 | |||
| 20–29K | 18.1 | 1.13 (0.84 to 1.51) | 0.413 | 3.7 | 1.15 (0.61 to 2.16) | 0.673 | 5.6 | 1.78 (1.02 to 3.10) | 0.041 |
| 30–39K | 17.5 | 1.31 (0.96 to 1.78) | 0.090 | 7.6 | 2.35 (1.26 to 4.38) | 0.007 | 8.2 | 2.44 (1.38 to 4.30) | 0.002 |
| 40–49K | 20.8 | 1.76 (1.27 to 2.44) | 0.001 | 9.5 | 2.94 (1.56 to 5.56) | 0.001 | 10.1 | 2.95 (1.65 to 5.28) | <0.001 |
| 50–59K | 20.8 | 1.67 (1.19 to 2.34) | 0.003 | 11.0 | 3.64 (1.91 to 6.92) | <0.001 | 13.2 | 3.81 (2.12 to 6.82) | <0.001 |
| >60K | 18.5 | 1.32 (0.94 to 1.85) | 0.112 | 13.4 | 4.51 (2.39 to 8.51) | <0.001 | 25.3 | 6.20 (3.52 to 10.92) | <0.001 |
| Availability of alcohol at work | |||||||||
| High | 17.2 | 1 | 7.9 | 1 | 11.3 | 1 | |||
| Low | 21.7 | 0.79 (0.70 to 0.91) | 0.001 | 8.0 | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.14) | 0.485 | 10.1 | 1.09 (0.90 to 1.31) | 0.365 |
| Workgroup size | |||||||||
| Number of people (increments of 10) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.98) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.98) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.98) | <0.001 | |||
| Design effects | |||||||||
| Worksite dominant occupation‡ | |||||||||
| Professional | 21.3 | 1 | 9.6 | 1 | 22.1 | 1 | |||
| Service | 25.8 | 1.30 (1.08 to 1.56) | 0.005 | 4.7 | 0.46 (0.34 to 0.64) | <0.001 | 6.6 | 0.25 (0.20 to 0.33) | <0.001 |
| Manufacturing | 14.9 | 0.67 (0.57 to 0.80) | <0.001 | 8.5 | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.14) | 0.423 | 7.0 | 0.31 (0.25 to 0.37) | <0.001 |
| Management drinking tolerance‡ | |||||||||
| Liberal | 21.3 | 1 | 8.6 | 1 | 15.5 | 1 | |||
| Conservative | 17.2 | 0.85 (0.74 to 0.98) | 0.025 | 7.4 | 0.82 (0.67 to 1.01) | 0.064 | 7.0 | 0.49 (0.40 to 0.58) | <0.001 |