Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality, adjusted for age and smoking, in male German carbon black workers traced alive on 1 January 1976
| Variable with levels | All workers, main (census) cohort | Workers hired 1960 or later, inception cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths | RR | 95% CI | Deaths | RR | 95% CI | |
| Period of hiring (calendar time) | ||||||
| <1950 | 53 | 0.82 | 0.59–1.14 | |||
| 1950–59 | 61 | 0.61 | 0.45–0.82 | |||
| 1960–69 | 170 | 1.00 | 170 | 1.00 | ||
| 1970–79 | 41 | 1.07 | 0.74–1.54 | 41 | 1.12 | 0.77–1.63 |
| 1980–97 | 7 | 0.76 | 0.34–1.69 | 7 | 0.81 | 0.36–1.84 |
| Trend (10 years) | 1.12 | 0.98–1.28 | 0.99 | 0.76–1.30 | ||
| Age at hiring (years) | ||||||
| ⩽25 | 44 | 1.00 | 26 | 1.00 | ||
| >25–35 | 101 | 1.15 | 0.80–1.66 | 56 | 0.99 | 0.61–1.62 |
| >35–45 | 123 | 1.49 | 1.02–2.17 | 84 | 1.16 | 0.68–1.97 |
| >45 | 64 | 1.41 | 0.91–2.19 | 52 | 0.99 | 0.52–1.89 |
| Trend (10 years) | 1.14 | 1.00–1.30 | 1.01 | 0.83–1.24 | ||
| Time since hiring (years), time dependent | ||||||
| >0–15 | 32 | 1.00 | 32 | 1.00 | ||
| >15–25 | 101 | 1.20 | 0.79–1.82 | 90 | 1.20 | 0.78–1.84 |
| >25 | 199 | 1.02 | 0.66–1.58 | 96 | 1.20 | 0.75–1.91 |
| Trend (10 years) | 0.97 | 0.81–1.15 | 1.07 | 0.88–1.30 | ||
| Years of employment, time dependent | ||||||
| 1–5 | 82 | 1.00 | 75 | 1.00 | ||
| >5–10 | 45 | 0.76 | 0.53–1.11 | 39 | 0.86 | 0.57–1.30 |
| >10–20 | 96 | 0.78 | 0.56–1.09 | 72 | 0.85 | 0.58–1.24 |
| >20 | 109 | 0.61 | 0.43–0.85 | 32 | 0.76 | 0.47–1.22 |
| Trend (10 years) | 0.85 | 0.76–0.95 | 0.91 | 0.77–1.08 | ||
| At least 1 year employment in lamp or furnace black | ||||||
| No | 206 | 1.00 | 126 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 126 | 1.14 | 0.92–1.43 | 92 | 0.99 | 0.75–1.30 |
| At least 1 year employment in gas black | ||||||
| No | 256 | 1.00 | 177 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 76 | 0.91 | 0.70–1.18 | 41 | 1.15 | 0.82–1.62 |
| At least one year employment in preparation plant | ||||||
| No | 311 | 1.00 | 201 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 21 | 0.79 | 0.51–1.23 | 17 | 0.71 | 0.43–1.17 |
| At least one year employment in heavily exposed jobs | ||||||
| No | 123 | 1.00 | 80 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 209 | 1.00 | 0.80–1.25 | 138 | 0.94 | 0.71–1.24 |
| Average carbon black exposure (carbon black scores per year), time dependent | ||||||
| 0–1 | 73 | 1.00 | 54 | 1.00 | ||
| >1–2 | 75 | 0.92 | 0.67–1.27 | 51 | 0.91 | 0.62–1.34 |
| >2–3 | 140 | 1.00 | 0.75–1.33 | 88 | 1.11 | 0.78–1.56 |
| >3 | 44 | 0.98 | 0.67–1.42 | 25 | 0.90 | 0.56–1.46 |
| Trend (1 unit) | 1.00 | 0.91–1.11 | 1.00 | 0.89–1.13 | ||
| Cumulative carbon black exposure, time dependent | ||||||
| 0–5 | 66 | 1.00 | 58 | 1.00 | ||
| >5–10 | 41 | 0.73 | 0.49–1.08 | 36 | 0.71 | 0.47–1.08 |
| >10–20 | 46 | 0.73 | 0.50–1.07 | 35 | 0.71 | 0.46–1.08 |
| >20–40 | 79 | 0.89 | 0.63–1.26 | 59 | 1.09 | 0.75–1.59 |
| >40 | 100 | 0.61 | 0.43–0.85 | 30 | 0.63 | 0.39–1.00 |
| Trend (10 units) | 0.94 | 0.89–0.99 | 0.96 | 0.90–1.04 | ||
| Total | 332 | 218 | ||||