Centre
| | | | | | | | |
Rhône-Alpes region | 90 | 54.9 | 50 | 65.8 | 126 | 53.4 | | |
Paris | 56 | 34.1 | 16 | 21.1 | 80 | 33.9 | | |
Auvergne region | 18 | 11.0 | 10 | 13.2 | 30 | 12.7 | | |
Child’s sex
| | | | | | | | |
Female | 50 | 30.5 | 38 | 50.0 | 98 | 41.5 | | |
Male | 114 | 69.5 | 38 | 50.0 | 138 | 58.5 | | |
Child’s age at the interview
| | | | | | | | |
Missing | 2 | – | – | – | 1 | – | | |
⩽2 months | 3 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 40.0 | | |
2–6 months | 92 | 56.8 | 26 | 34.2 | 51 | 21.7 | | |
>6 months | 67 | 41.4 | 50 | 65.8 | 90 | 38.3 | | |
Mean
| 5.2 | | 7.9 | | 4.7 | | | |
Mother’s geographic origin
| | | | | | | | |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 5 | 3.0 | 2 | 2.6 | 7 | 3.0 | | |
North Africa | 12 | 7.3 | 6 | 7.9 | 17 | 7.2 | | |
Europe | 136 | 82.9 | 64 | 84.2 | 200 | 84.7 | | |
Other | 11 | 6.7 | 4 | 5.3 | 12 | 5.1 | | |
Maternal age at birth (years)
| | | | | | | | |
⩽30 years | 93 | 56.7 | 47 | 61.8 | 139 | 58.9 | ref | |
30–35 years | 52 | 31.7 | 21 | 27.6 | 71 | 30.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.5 |
>35 years | 19 | 11.6 | 8 | 10.5 | 26 | 11.0 | 1.1 | 0.6 to 1.9 |
Mean
| 29.6 | | 29.1 | | 29.7 | | | |
Maternal occupation categories during the first trimester
|
Unemployed or missing | 48 | – | 19 | – | 49 | – | 1.9 | 1.1 to 3.3 |
Scientific, professional, managerial | 33 | 28.4 | 17 | 29.8 | 70 | 37.4 | ref | |
Administrative | 28 | 24.1 | 16 | 28.1 | 66 | 35.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 to 1.6 |
Sales | 10 | 8.6 | 3 | 5.3 | 12 | 6.4 | 1.5 | 0.6 to 3.6 |
Services | 25 | 21.6 | 16 | 28.1 | 32 | 17.1 | 1.8 | 1.0 to 3.3 |
Agricultural, production work | 20 | 17.2 | 5 | 8.8 | 7 | 3.7 | 5.0 | 2.0 to 12.3 |
Maternal education level
|
Missing | – | – | 1 | – | 2 | – | | |
Primary–secondary level | 45 | 27.4 | 19 | 25.3 | 45 | 19.2 | 2.2 | 1.4 to 3.7 |
Technical schooling | 59 | 36.0 | 29 | 38.7 | 57 | 24.4 | 2.3 | 1.5 to 3.6 |
University level | 60 | 36.6 | 27 | 36.0 | 132 | 56.4 | ref | |
Maternal alcohol consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy*
|
No | 132 | 80.5 | 67 | 88.2 | 206 | 87.3 | ref | |
Yes | 32 | 19.5 | 9 | 11.8 | 30 | 12.7 | 1.4 | 0.9 to 2.4 |
Maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy†
|
No | 119 | 72.6 | 54 | 71.1 | 167 | 70.8 | ref | |
Yes | 45 | 27.4 | 22 | 28.9 | 69 | 29.2 | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.4 |
Maternal dietary folate intake (µg/day)
|
Missing | 2 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | | |
>301 µg/day | 45 | 27.8 | 14 | 18.7 | 78 | 33.2 | ref | |
217–301 µg/day | 42 | 25.9 | 25 | 33.3 | 79 | 33.6 | 1.1 | 0.7 to 1.8 |
⩽217 µg/day | 75 | 46.3 | 36 | 48.0 | 78 | 33.2 | 1.9 | 1.2 to 3.0 |
Mean
| 252 | | 234 | | 270 | | | |
Family history of oral clefts
|
In siblings, parents or grandparents | 14 | 8.5 | 9 | 11.8 | 0 | 0 | | |