Table 1

 Description of non-syndromic oral cleft case and control populations

Case familiesControl families (n = 236)Among the overall cases
CL/P (n = 164)CP (n = 76)
n%n%n%OR‡95% CI
*Mothers are considered to have consumed alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy if they reported at least one drink per week during this period.
†Mothers are considered to have smoked during the first trimester of pregnancy if they reported regular smoking during this period.
‡Logistic regression adjusted for centre (Rhône-Alpes, Paris, Auvergne), child’s sex, and maternal ethnic origin (Europe, other).
CL/P, cleft lip with or without cleft palate; CP, cleft palate only.
n, number; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
Centre
Rhône-Alpes region9054.95065.812653.4
Paris5634.11621.18033.9
Auvergne region1811.01013.23012.7
Child’s sex
Female5030.53850.09841.5
Male11469.53850.013858.5
Child’s age at the interview
Missing21
⩽2 months31.9009440.0
2–6 months9256.82634.25121.7
>6 months6741.45065.89038.3
Mean 5.27.94.7
Mother’s geographic origin
Sub-Saharan Africa53.022.673.0
North Africa127.367.9177.2
Europe13682.96484.220084.7
Other116.745.3125.1
Maternal age at birth (years)
⩽30 years9356.74761.813958.9ref
30–35 years5231.72127.67130.11.00.7 to 1.5
>35 years1911.6810.52611.01.10.6 to 1.9
Mean 29.629.129.7
Maternal occupation categories during the first trimester
Unemployed or missing4819491.91.1 to 3.3
Scientific, professional, managerial3328.41729.87037.4ref
Administrative2824.11628.16635.30.90.5 to 1.6
Sales108.635.3126.41.50.6 to 3.6
Services2521.61628.13217.11.81.0 to 3.3
Agricultural, production work2017.258.873.75.02.0 to 12.3
Maternal education level
Missing12
Primary–secondary level4527.41925.34519.22.21.4 to 3.7
Technical schooling5936.02938.75724.42.31.5 to 3.6
University level6036.62736.013256.4ref
Maternal alcohol consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy*
No13280.56788.220687.3ref
Yes3219.5911.83012.71.40.9 to 2.4
Maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy†
No11972.65471.116770.8ref
Yes4527.42228.96929.20.90.6 to 1.4
Maternal dietary folate intake (µg/day)
Missing211
>301 µg/day4527.81418.77833.2ref
217–301 µg/day4225.92533.37933.61.10.7 to 1.8
⩽217 µg/day7546.33648.07833.21.91.2 to 3.0
Mean 252234270
Family history of oral clefts
In siblings, parents or grandparents148.5911.800