Ergonomic training only | Ergonomic training + trackball | Ergonomic training + armboard | Ergonomic training + trackball + armboard | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 46 | n = 45 | n = 46 | n = 45 | |
*Denominators exclude participants who reported pain greater than 5 in that body region before the intervention (for example, not eligible to become an incident case). Participants may have more than one diagnosis. | ||||
†Includes bicipital, subscapularis and supraspinatus tendonitis. | ||||
‡Shoulder pain and trapezius muscle tenderness. | ||||
§Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome based on a positive Wright’s or EAST test. Of the 19 subjects with positive findings, 15 were also diagnosed with shoulder tendonitis or somatic pain syndrome. | ||||
¶Includes dorsal compartment 2, 3, 4, and 5 tendonitis. | ||||
**Includes digital flexor, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris tendonitis. | ||||
Any upper body disorder* | 21/44 | 15/42 | 13/44 | 14/44 |
Neck/shoulder disorders | 19/43 | 6/35 | 6/40 | 8/40 |
Shoulder tendonitis† | 10 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Somatic pain syndrome‡ | 15 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
Thoracic outlet syndrome§ | 9 | 4 | 2 | 4 |
Right upper extremity disorders | 7/40 | 8/38 | 7/35 | 7/38 |
Carpal tunnel syndrome | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
Ulnar neuritis (elbow) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Pronator syndrome | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Anterior interosseous nerve entrapment | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Posterior interosseous nerve entrapment | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
de Quervain’s tendinitis | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Extensor tendinitis¶ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Flexor tendonitis** | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Lateral epicondylitis | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Medial epicondylitis | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
Left upper extremity disorders | 7/41 | 3/40 | 4/41 | 3/43 |
Carpal tunnel syndrome | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Ulnar neuritis (elbow) | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Anterior interosseous nerve entrapment | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Posterior interosseous nerve entrapment | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
de Quervain’s tendinitis | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Extensor tendinitis§ | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Flexor tendonitis** | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Lateral epicondylitis | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Medial epicondylitis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |