Unadjusted and adjusted mean decline in hand-grip strength over 25 years (1965–68 to 1991–93) and linear regression coefficients by occupational intensity score categories at exam IV (1965–68)
| Unadjusted | Risk factor adjusted* | Risk factor adjusted† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SD) | Coeff/SE | Mean (SE) | Coeff/SE | Mean (SE) | Coeff/SE | |
| CASI score, education, and haemoglobin levels were assess at exam IV; all other covariates were assessed at exam I. | |||||||
| *Adjusted for coffee consumption, physical activity, BMI, glucose, cognitive score (CASI score), haemoglobin, and education. | |||||||
| †Adjusted for coffee consumption, physical activity, BMI, glucose, cognitive score (CASI score), haemoglobin, education, and hand-grip strength at exam 1. | |||||||
| Decline in hand-grip strength = hand-grip strength at exam I minus hand-grip strength at exam IV. | |||||||
| Categories for mercury intensity scores are 0, 1–20, 21–30, ⩾31; categories for the four other intensity scores are 0, 1–39, 40–79, ⩾80. | |||||||
| Coeff, parameter estimate from linear regression models; SE, standard error. | |||||||
| p for trend obtained from linear regression models. | |||||||
| Pesticide | |||||||
| Zero | 3263 | 9.3 (5.8) | −0.003/0.006 | 9.3 (0.1) | −0.0121/0.005 | 9.2 (0.1) | −0.0056/0.005 |
| Low | 64 | 9.2 (6.5) | 8.6 (0.7) | 8.1 (0.6) | |||
| Medium | 119 | 8.9 (6.5) | 8.3 (0.5) | 8.6 (0.5) | |||
| High | 66 | 9.4 (4.3) | 8.7 (0.7) | 9.3 (0.6) | |||
| p for trend | 0.621 | 0.027 | 0.256 | ||||
| Solvent | |||||||
| Zero | 1697 | 9.2 (5.8) | 0.004/0.004 | 9.1 (0.1) | 0.0038/0.004 | 9.2 (0.1) | 0.0029/0.003 |
| Low | 1144 | 9.3 (5.9) | 9.2 (0.2) | 9.1 (0.2) | |||
| Medium | 484 | 9.8 (5.7) | 9.6 (0.3) | 9.4 (0.2) | |||
| High | 187 | 9.2 (5.9) | 9.0 (0.4) | 9.2 (0.4) | |||
| p for trend | 0.249 | 0.289 | 0.360 | ||||
| Metal | |||||||
| Zero | 2074 | 9.2 (5.9) | 0.006/0.004 | 9.1 (0.1) | 0.0054/0.004 | 9.2 (0.1) | 0.0004/0.004 |
| Low | 1038 | 9.2 (5.6) | 9.2 (0.2) | 9.1 (0.2) | |||
| Medium | 318 | 10.2 (6.0) | 9.8 (0.3) | 9.4 (0.3) | |||
| High | 82 | 9.3 (5.9) | 9.2 (0.6) | 9.2 (0.5) | |||
| p for trend | 0.160 | 0.227 | 0.916 | ||||
| Manganese | |||||||
| Zero | 2786 | 9.3 (5.9) | 0.004/0.005 | 9.2 (0.1) | 0.0015/0.005 | 9.3 (0.1) | −0.0033/0.005 |
| Low | 392 | 9.4 (5.9) | 9.1 (0.3) | 8.9 (0.3) | |||
| Medium | 147 | 9.5 (5.1) | 9.5 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.4) | |||
| High | 59 | 9.5 (6.4) | 9.2 (0.7) | 9.0 (0.6) | |||
| p for trend | 0.504 | 0.778 | 0.472 | ||||
| Mercury | |||||||
| Zero | 2889 | 9.3 (5.9) | 0.004/0.009 | 9.2 (0.1) | 0.0030/0.009 | 9.2 (0.1) | 0.0012/0.008 |
| Low | 157 | 9.5 (5.0) | 9.7 (0.4) | 9.3 (0.4) | |||
| Medium | 195 | 8.7 (5.7) | 8.7 (0.4) | 8.8 (0.4) | |||
| High | 143 | 9.8 (5.6) | 9.5 (0.5) | 9.5 (0.4) | |||
| p for trend | 0.647 | 0.726 | 0.876 | ||||