Mean levels and univariate regression coefficients of participant characteristics at exams I and IV by hand-grip strength (kg) at exam IV
| Levels of hand-grip strength in kg at exam IV | Coeff/SE | p for trend* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–25 (n = 774) | 26–30 (n = 1009) | 31–35 (n = 987) | ⩾36 (n = 752) | |||
| * p for trend obtained from linear regression models (unadjusted). | ||||||
| †Covariates assessed at exam IV. | ||||||
| n changes slightly for each variable. | ||||||
| Coeff, parameter estimate from linear regression models; SE, standard error (note: the regression coefficients were unadjusted). | ||||||
| Age (years) | 56.0 (5.4) | 53.1 (4.3) | 51.3 (3.8) | 50.1 (3.0) | −0.648/0.022 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | 33.2 (4.7) | 32.9 (4.8) | 32.7 (4.6) | 32.6 (4.6) | −0.008/0.003 | 0.002 |
| Coffee consumption (4 oz cups) | 3.1 (3.0) | 3.3 (3.2) | 3.5 (3.3) | 3.8 (3.3) | 0.1472/0.035 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 154.7 (53.2) | 154.3 (50.3) | 149.0 (43.0) | 146.0 (43.5) | −0.010/0.002 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.3 (3.0) | 23.9 (2.9) | 24.0 (2.7) | 24.3 (2.7) | 0.271/0.040 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake (g/month) | 358.2 (692.8) | 336.6 (575.4) | 323.0 (562.7) | 348.8 (590.5) | −0.0001/.001 | 0.487 |
| Smoking (pack-years) | 22.5 (24.5) | 20.8 (23.1) | 20.9 (22.6) | 21.8 (21.5) | −0.0050/.005 | 0.366 |
| CASI score† | 73.1 (21.3) | 84.3 (10.0) | 87.5 (8.4) | 88.1 (7.4) | 0.226/0.007 | <0.001 |
| Education† (years) | 9.6 (3.2) | 10.5 (3.2) | 10.9 (3.2) | 11.0 (3.0) | 0.332/0.035 | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin† (g/dl) | 14.2 (1.6) | 14.7 (1.4) | 15.1 (1.3) | 15.3 (1.2) | 1.455/0.078 | <0.001 |