Association (OR point estimate, 95% CI) between pollutant concentrations in Sydney and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) for infants born in Sydney between 1998 and 2000 by exposure period
| Pollutant | No. of infants (SGA/total) | Exposure period | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One month before birth | Third trimester | Second trimester | First trimester | ||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| OR estimates adjusted for: maternal age, maternal smoking, indigenous status, SES, gestational age at first antenatal visit, season of birth, and parity. | |||||||||
| OR per 1 unit increase in pollutant concentration. | |||||||||
| ppb, parts per billion (10−9); ppm, parts per million (10−6). | |||||||||
| Units and averaging periods: | |||||||||
| PM10 (μg/m3): 24 hour av | |||||||||
| PM2.5 (μg/m3): 24 hour av | |||||||||
| CO (ppm): 8 hour av | |||||||||
| O3 (ppb): 1 hour max | |||||||||
| NO2 (ppb): 1 hour max | |||||||||
| All births | |||||||||
| PM10 | 13402/138056 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.03 | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.013 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.04 | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.02 |
| PM2.5 | 13402/138056 | 1.01 | 0.99 to 1.03 | 0.99 | 0.97 to 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.01 to 1. 05 | 0.99 | 0.97 to 1.01 |
| CO | 13402/138056 | 1.06 | 0.98 to 1.16 | 1.01 | 0.91 to 1.11 | 0.99 | 0.90 to 1.10 | 0.95 | 0.88 to 1.04 |
| NO2 | 13402/138056 | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.01 |
| O3 | 13402/138056 | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.01 |
| 5 km births | |||||||||
| PM10 | 5391/44891 | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.99 to 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.01 to 1.03 | 1.01 | 0.99 to 1.02 |
| PM2.5 | 1595/13855 | 1.01 | 0.97 to 1.04 | 1.00 | 0.95 to 1.05 | 1.00 | 0.96 to 1.05 | 0.99 | 0.94 to 1.04 |
| CO | 2892/22684 | 1.10 | 0.96 to 1.27 | 1.05 | 0.90 to 1.23 | 1.06 | 0.90 to 1.25 | 0.99 | 0.86 to 1.14 |
| NO2 | 5985/51460 | 1.07 | 1.00 to 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.05 to 1.21 | 1.14 | 1.07 to 1.22 | 1.06 | 0.99 to 1.14 |
| O3 | 5460/45730 | 1.01 | 0.97 to 1.06 | 1.01 | 0.96 to 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.95 to 1.06 | 0.99 | 0.93 to 1.03 |