Factors found, in a bivariate screen, to be associated with cord blood lead relative to maternal blood lead in a cohort of 159 Pittsburgh, PA women, 1992–95
| Associated* | ||
|---|---|---|
| Difference† | Binary‡ | |
| *The following variables were not associated with either the difference or the ratio: age; calcium consumed during the pregnancy; calcium intake from milk; milk intake as a child; physical exertion at home or work; infant weight, length, or head circumference; parity; use of nausea medications; complications of labour and delivery; gestational age at birth; paternal exposure to lead; time between blood draw and birth. | ||
| †Variables associated with difference between maternal and cord PbB at p = 0.20 or showing a difference >0.1. pos indicates association with a higher lead level of cord blood, relative to maternal; neg indicates association with lower lead level of cord blood; 0 indicates no association. | ||
| ‡Variables associated with binary outcome at p = 0.20 or OR >2. pos indicates increased odds of higher lead level of cord blood, relative to maternal; neg indicates association with lower lead level of cord blood; 0 indicates no association. | ||
| Demographic | ||
| Black race | neg | 0 |
| Highest income category | 0 | neg |
| Separated marital status | pos | pos |
| Educational disadvantage | 0 | neg |
| Lifestyle | ||
| Alcohol | pos | pos |
| Coffee/tea drinks per month | 0 | neg |
| Passive smoking | pos | 0 |
| Milk while adolescent | neg | 0 |
| Medical/obstetric | ||
| 5 minute Apgar score | pos | 0 |
| Baby to intensive care unit | neg | 0 |
| Number of abortions | pos | 0 |
| Number of miscarriages | neg | 0 |
| Chlamydia | pos | 0 |
| Trichomonas | neg | 0 |
| Sexually transmitted disease | pos | 0 |
| Genitourinary infection | neg | neg |
| Cold medicines | neg | 0 |
| Augmented labour | neg | neg |
| Systolic blood pressure | pos | pos |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 0 | pos |
| Weight gain | pos | 0 |
| BMI | 0 | pos |
| Haemoglobin | neg | neg |
| Factors affecting blood lead measurement | ||
| Blood specimen measured later | pos | pos |