Odds ratios for prevalent coronary heart disease across categories of passive smoking by self report, serum cotinine, and their combination
| Self reported exposure group | Serum cotinine group | Combination score derived from self report and cotinine groups | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 1854) | I (n = 314) | II (n = 776) | III (n = 432) | IV (n = 332) | All (n = 1559) | I (n = 368) | II (n = 429) | III (n = 603) | IV (n = 159) | I (n = 89) | II (n = 298) | III (n = 345) | IV (n = 303) | V (n = 267) | VI (n = 183) | VII (n = 74) | |
| †Odds adjusted for age, sex, educational level, employment status, BMI, systolic blood pressure; ‡further adjusted for parents’ CHD history, alcohol drinking, dietary vitamin C and fibre, and serum total cholesterol. | |||||||||||||||||
| Statistical significance: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001; linear trend p: T1<0.05, T2<0.01. | |||||||||||||||||
| Questionnaire angina | |||||||||||||||||
| No positive | 93 | 11 | 30 | 23 | 29 | 76 | 22 | 9 | 31 | 14 | 2 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 6 |
| Prevalence (%) | 5.0 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 5.3 | 8.7 T2 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 8.8 T2 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 7.7 | 8.1 T1 |
| Odds ratio† | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.4* T1 | 1.0 | 0.3** | 0.8 | 1.4 T1 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 2.6 | ||
| Odds ratio‡ | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.3** | 0.8 | 1.3 T2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 | ||
| 95% CI‡ | 0.4–2.0 | 0.5–2.4 | 0.7–3.5 | 0.1–0.7 | 0.5–1.5 | 0.6–2.8 | 0.3–5.7 | 0.3–6.2 | 0.4–7.6 | 0.3–7.4 | 0.5–11 | 0.4–11 | |||||
| Undiagnosed CHD | |||||||||||||||||
| No positive | 300 | 44 | 115 | 71 | 70 | 254 | 63 | 52 | 105 | 34 | 8 | 45 | 55 | 48 | 43 | 35 | 20 |
| Prevalence (%) | 16.2 | 14.0 | 14.8 | 16.4 | 21.1 T1 | 16.3 | 17.1 | 12.1 | 17.4 | 21.4 T1 | 9.0 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 15.8 | 16.1 | 19.1 | 27.0 |
| Odds ratio† | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.6* | 1.0 | 0.6* | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 3.0* | ||
| Odds ratio‡ | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.6* | 0.9 | 1.2 T2 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.9* | ||
| 95% CI‡ | 0.8–1.7 | 0.8–1.9 | 1.0–2.5 | 0.4–0.9 | 0.6–1.3 | 0.7–1.9 | 0.7–3.5 | 0.8–3.9 | 0.7–3.5 | 0.7–3.6 | 0.9–4.7 | 1.2–7.3 | |||||
| Diagnosed CHD | |||||||||||||||||
| No positive | 85 | 9 | 30 | 24 | 22 | 75 | 14 | 19 | 35 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 17 | 15 | 19 | 8 | 5 |
| Prevalence (%) | 4.6 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 7.1 | 4.4 | 6.8 |
| Odds ratio† | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.5* | 2.8* | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | ||
| Odds ratio‡ | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.4* | 2.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.0 | ||
| 95% CI‡ | 0.6–3.4 | 1.0–5.8 | 0.9–5.6 | 0.5–2.2 | 0.6–2.6 | 0.3–2.5 | 0.1–2.0 | 0.3–3.7 | 0.2–3.7 | 0.4–5.4 | 0.2–4.5 | 0.2–5.3 | |||||
| All CHD | |||||||||||||||||
| No positive | 385 | 53 | 145 | 95 | 92 | 329 | 77 | 71 | 140 | 41 | 11 | 53 | 72 | 63 | 62 | 43 | 25 |
| Prevalence (%) | 20.8 | 16.9 | 18.7 | 22.0 | 27.7 T2 | 21.1 | 20.9 | 16.6 | 23.2 | 25.8 T1 | 12.4 | 17.8 | 20.9 | 20.8 | 23.2 | 23.5 | 33.8 T1 |
| Odds ratio† | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.6* | 2.0*** T2 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 3.0* | ||
| Odds ratio‡ | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.8* T1 | 1.0 | 0.7* | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.6* | ||
| 95% CI‡ | 0.8–1.9 | 1.0–2.3 | 1.2–2.9 | 0.5–1.0 | 0.7–1.4 | 0.7–1.8 | 0.6–2.6 | 0.8–3.3 | 0.7–3.0 | 0.8–3.6 | 0.9–3.9 | 1.1–6.0 | |||||