Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for haematopoietic malignancies by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in US radiologic technologists
| Variables | Non-CLL* leukaemias† | Multiple myeloma† | Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma† | Hodgkin’s lymphoma† | Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia† | All haematopoietic malignancies | Comparison group | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 41‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 28‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 118‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 31‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 23‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 241‡ (%) | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 71653‡ | (%) | |
| *Includes 4 ALL, 22 AML, 9 CML, 4 acute leukaemias not otherwise specified, 2 myeloid leukaemias not otherwise specified. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| †Includes the following International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 2nd Revision (ICD-O-2) and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes: non-CLL (ICD-O-2 codes 9801, 9821, 9860, 9861, 9863, 9864, 9867, or ICD-10 codes C91.0, 92.0, 92.1, 92.5, 92.7, 92.9, 95.0); MM (ICD-O-2 code 9732, or ICD-10 code C90.0); CLL (ICD-O-2 code 9823, or ICD-10 code C91.1); NHL (ICD-O-2 codes 9590, 9591, 9592, 9593, 9595, 9670, 9671, 9672, 9673, 9675, 9680, 9681, 9682, 9684, 9685, 9686, 9690, 9691, 9696, 9698, 9700, 9709, 9715, 9940, or ICD-10 codes C82.0, 82.1, 82.2, 82.7, 82.9, 83.0, 83.1, 83.2, 83.3, 83.4, 83.5, 83.8, 83.9, 84.0, 84.5, 85.0, 85.7, 85.9, 91.4); HL (ICD-O-2 codes 9650, 9652, 9657, 9663, 9667 or ICD-10 codes C81.0, 81.1, 81.2, 81.9). | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Numbers shown below may not add up to this total because not included are technologists with unknown: race (8 (0.01%) comparison group members); level of education (1 MM, 1 NHL, 467 (0.7%) comparison group members); smoking duration (4 NHL, 1 CLL, 1 HD, 983 (1.4%) comparison group members); duration of use of hair dyes (1 non-CLL, 1 MM, 1 NHL, 569 (0.8%) comparison group members). | ||||||||||||||||||||
| §RRs based on Cox proportional hazards regression with age as the timescale, stratified at baseline for birth cohort in five year intervals and adjusted for gender. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ¶This variable alone was analysed using follow up years as the timescale, with no strata at baseline, in Cox proportional hazards regression. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Female | 28 | 1.0 | – | 17 | 1.0 | – | 74 | 1.0 | – | 21 | 1.0 | – | 13 | 1.0 | – | 153 (63.5) | 1.0 | – | 55791 | (77.9) |
| Male | 13 | 1.4 | (0.7–2.7) | 11 | 1.6 | (0.7–3.4) | 44 | 1.6 | (1.1–2.3) | 10 | 1.9 | (0.9–4.1) | 10 | 1.9 | (0.8–4.3) | 88 (36.5) | 1.6 | (1.2–2.1) | 15862 | (22.1) |
| Race | ||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 39 | 1.0 | – | 26 | 1.0 | – | 114 | 1.0 | – | 31 | 1.0 | – | 23 | 1.0 | – | 233 (96.7) | 1.0 | – | 68355 | (95.4) |
| Non-white | 2 | 0.9 | (0.2–3.7) | 2 | 1.3 | (0.3–5.4) | 4 | 0.6 | (0.2–1.6) | 0 | 0 | 8 (3.3) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.2) | 3290 | (4.6) | ||||
| Age at baseline interview¶ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| <35 | 9 | 1.0 | – | 0 | 22 | 1.0 | – | 18 | 1.0 | – | 0 | 52 (21.6) | 1.0 | – | 31671 | (44.2) | ||||
| 35–44 | 12 | 1.9 | (0.8–4.4) | 0 | 29 | 1.8 | (1.0–3.1) | 10 | 0.7 | (0.3–1.6) | 0 | 61 (25.3) | 1.6 | (1.1–2.3) | 24004 | (33.5) | ||||
| 45–54 | 9 | 3.6 | (1.4–9.0) | 14 | 1.0 | 26 | 4.1 | (2.3–7.2) | 1 | 0.2 | (0.0–1.4) | 13 | 1.0 | – | 50 (20.8) | 3.3 | (2.3–4.9) | 9948 | (13.9) | |
| ⩾55 | 11 | 7.9 | (3.2–19.5) | 14 | 12.5 | (5.9–26.8) | 41 | 11.4 | (6.7–19.3) | 2 | 0.6 | (0.1–2.8) | 10 | 9.6 | (4.1–22.4) | 78 (32.4) | 9.3 | (6.5–13.3) | 6030 | (8.4) |
| Education | ||||||||||||||||||||
| High school/rad tech programme | 19 | 1.0 | – | 10 | 1.0 | – | 61 | 1.0 | – | 16 | 1.0 | – | 8 | 1.0 | – | 114 (47.3) | 1.0 | – | 39059 | (54.5) |
| 1+ years college/grad school | 17 | 1.1 | (0.6–2.2) | 14 | 1.6 | (0.7–3.7) | 46 | 0.9 | (0.6–1.3) | 12 | 0.9 | (0.4–2.0) | 13 | 1.9 | (0.8–4.7) | 102 (42.3) | 1.1 | (0.8–1.4) | 28435 | (39.7) |
| Other | 5 | 1.8 | (0.6–5.0) | 3 | 1.5 | (0.4–5.5) | 10 | 1.0 | (0.5–2.0) | 3 | 2.1 | (0.6–7.2) | 2 | 1.3 | (0.3–6.2) | 23 (9.5) | 1.3 | (0.8–2.0) | 3692 | (5.2) |
| Cigarette smoking duration | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-smoker | 22 | 1.0 | – | 8 | 1.0 | – | 52 | 1.0 | – | 12 | 1.0 | – | 11 | 1.0 | – | 105 (43.6) | 1.0 | – | 34368 | (48.0) |
| <10 years | 7 | 1.3 | (0.6–3.2) | 1 | 0.6 | (0.1–5.1) | 10 | 0.8 | (0.4–1.6) | 6 | 1.5 | (0.6–4.0) | 3 | 1.3 | (0.4–4.7) | 27 (11.2) | 1.0 | (0.7–1.6) | 10173 | (14.2) |
| ⩾10 years | 12 | 0.5 | (0.3–1.1) | 19 | 2.1 | (0.9–5.0) | 52 | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) | 12 | 1.5 | (0.7–3.5) | 8 | 0.5 | (0.2–1.3) | 103 (42.7) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.3) | 26129 | (36.5) |
| Duration of hair dye use | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Never | 35 | 1.0 | – | 21 | 1.0 | – | 91 | 1.0 | – | 29 | 1.0 | – | 19 | 1.0 | – | 195 (80.9) | 1.0 | – | 59054 | (82.4) |
| <10 years | 3 | 0.8 | (0.2–2.7) | 3 | 1.7 | (0.5–5.8) | 11 | 1.3 | (0.7–2.5) | 2 | 0.7 | (0.2–3.2) | 0 | 19 (7.9) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.7) | 6667 | (9.3) | ||
| ⩾10 years | 2 | 0.5 | (0.1–2.2) | 3 | 1.3 | (0.4–4.7) | 15 | 1.7 | (0.9–3.1) | 0 | 4 | 1.8 | (0.6–5.6) | 24 (10.0) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.9) | 5363 | (7.5) | ||