Prognostic psychosocial factors for duration of sick leave due to low back pain
| Prognostic factor | Pooled ES (95% CI) | + adjusted for quality | + adjusted for non-report of ES |
|---|---|---|---|
| –, pooling not possible; ES, effect size. | |||
| External locus of control (ref: 4–7)24 | 1.10 (0.74 to 1.63) | – | – |
| Hysteria25,26 | 1.52 (0.98 to 2.37) | – | – |
| Lack of energy35,36 | 1.96 (1.15 to 3.33) | – | – |
| Social isolation/dysfunction24,34–36 | 2.13 (1.23 to 3.70) | 2.13 (1.23 to 3.69) | 1.76 (1.01 to 3.06) |
| Axis II personality disorder25,26 | 1.96 (0.93 to 7.85) | – | – |
| Life events (ref: no)24 | 0.77 (0.54 to 1.08) | – | – |
| Illness | 1.12 (0.77 to 1.62) | ||
| Accident | 1.29 (0.86 to 1.94) | ||
| New family member | 0.60 (0.39 to 0.91) | ||
| Relationship broken | 1.03 (0.66 to 1.62) | ||
| Financial crisis | 1.23 (0.86 to 1.75) | ||
| Depression25,26,34 | 1.00 (0.59 to 1.70) | – | – |
| Severe depression24 | 2.47 (1.66 to 3.67) | ||