Comparison of the results of three North American studies of the United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters
| Tumour site | NIOSH 1971 PMR1 | California (1960–79) PMR2 | Ontario (1950–99) SMR | Combined result (random effects model) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PMR | 95% CI | PMR | 95% CI | SMR | 95% CI | RR* | 95% CI | |
| *The relative risk is calculated from a random effects meta-analysis model. | ||||||||
| Oesophagus | 1.55 | 0.99 to 2.31 | 1.06 | 0.76 to 1.47 | 1.27 | 0.86 to 1.81 | 1.24 | 1.00 to 1.53 |
| Stomach | 1.05 | 0.7 to 1.5 | 1.29 | 1.06 to 1.58 | 0.67 | 0.41 to 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.71 to 1.45 |
| Colorectal | 1.11 | 0.89 to 1.36 | 0.95 | 0.81 to 1.11 | 1.16 | 0.94 to 1.42 | 1.05 | 0.93 to 1.19 |
| Pancreas | 0.84 | 0.57 to 1.19 | 1.18 | 0.96 to 1.44 | 0.79 | 0.52 to 1.14 | 0.96 | 0.73 to 1.26 |
| Larynx | – | – | 1.17 | 0.79 to 1.73 | 1.32 | 0.72 to 2.21 | 1.22 | 0.88 to 1.68 |
| Lung | 1.22 | 1.08 to 1.37 | 1.41 | 1.31 to 1.52 | 1.27 | 1.13 to 1.42 | 1.31 | 1.19 to 1.44 |
| Kidney | – | – | 1.25 | 0.93 to 1.69 | 0.86 | 0.49 to 1.40 | 1.11 | 0.78 to 1.56 |
| Bladder | 0.92 | 0.55 to 1.44 | 0.9 | 0.66 to 1.22 | 1.11 | 0.68 to 1.68 | 0.95 | 0.76 to 1.19 |
| Prostate | 1.17 | 0.89 to 1.52 | 1.03 | 0.85 to 1..24 | 0.93 | 0.70 to 1.21 | 1.04 | 0.91 to 1.19 |
| Brain | 0.68 | 0.4 to 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.16 to 1.94 | 1.19 | 0.76 to 1.77 | 1.13 | 0.74 to 1.72 |
| Blood/lymph | 1.2 | 0.95 to 1.50 | 1.24 | 1.06 to 1.44 | 1.14 | 0.89 to 1.44 | 1.21 | 1.08 to 1.35 |
| Blood/lymph (plumbers) | 1.46 | 1.03 to 2.01 | 1.25 | 1.01 to 1.55 | 1.16 | 0.78 to 1.67 | 1.28 | 1.09 to 1.51 |
| Blood/lymph (pipefitters) | 1.03 | 0.74 to 1.40 | 1.18 | 0.94 to 1.48 | 1.01 | 0.60 to 1.60 | 1.11 | 0.94 to 1.32 |