Odds ratio (95% CI)* | ||
---|---|---|
Males | Females | |
*Obtained from logistic regressions, adjusted for age, body mass index, and smoking. | ||
†Occupations classified as having regular physical demand.11 | ||
‡Regular handling of persons or heavy objects such as lifting and carrying. | ||
§Regular use of force with tools or machines. | ||
¶Regular repetitive motion of hands and arms at fast pace. | ||
**Regular exposure to vibrations from hand tools. | ||
Manual work† | ||
reference: non-manual | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) |
Handling heavy objects‡ | ||
reference: none or occasional | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.5) |
Use of force with tools/machines§ | ||
reference: none or occasional | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9) |
Repetitive work¶ | ||
reference: none or occasional | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.6) | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) |
Vibrations from hand tools** | ||
reference: none or occasional | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.7) | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1) |