Garment workers’ mortality (since 1955†) from selected causes by year of first exposure (US referent rates); update of cohort to 1998‡
| Cause of death (ICD codes)§ | Year of first exposure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prior to 1963 SMR (OBS) | 1963–70 SMR (OBS) | 1971 or later SMR (OBS) | |
| OBS, observed number of deaths, SMR, standardised mortality ratio, CA, cancer. | |||
| †Results for myeloid leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia are for 1960 and 1968, respectively, when US population rates for myeloid leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia were first available, through 1998. | |||
| ‡Results for all race/sex groups combined. | |||
| §International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision. | |||
| *95% CI excludes the null value (1.0). | |||
| **99% CI excludes the null value (1.0). | |||
| All deaths | 0.91 (1543)** | 0.97 (494) | 0.88 (169) |
| All cancers (140–208) | 0.86 (412)** | 0.94 (142) | 1.11 (54) |
| Trachea, bronchus, and lung CA (162) | 0.86 (89) | 1.06 (39) | 1.83 (19) * |
| Prostate CA (185) | 1.32 (5) | 1.64 (4) | 2.80 (2) |
| Brain CA (191,192) | 1.17 (14) | 0.97 (4) | 0.76 (1) |
| Connective and soft tissue CA (171) | 1.10 (3) | 2.47 (3) | 1.95 (1) |
| Leukaemia (204–208) | 1.23 (19) | 0.81 (4) | 0.56 (1) |
| Myeloid leukaemia (205) | 1.61 (11) | 1.15 (3) | 1.02 (1) |
| Acute myeloid leukaemia (205.0) | 1.81 (8) | — (0) | 1.60 (1) |
| Heart disease (390–398, 402, 404, 410–414, 420–429) | 0.93 (516) | 1.04 (131) | 1.14 (45) |
| Ischaemic heart disease (410–414) | 0.90 (357)* | 1.05 (88) | 1.40 (33) |
| Cardiomyopathy, conductive disorders, and other heart diseases (420–423, 425–428, 429.2, 429.9) | 1.18 (128) | 1.24 (37) | 0.88 (10) |