Garment workers’ mortality (since 1955†) from selected causes of death by duration of exposure and time since first exposure (US referent rates); update of cohort to 1998‡
| Cause of death (ICD codes)§ | Duration of exposure | Time since first exposure | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <3 years SMR (OBS) | 3–9 years SMR (OBS) | 10+ years SMR (OBS) | <10 years SMR (OBS) | 10–19 years SMR (OBS) | 20+ years SMR (OBS) | |
| OBS, observed number of deaths; SMR, standardised mortality ratio; CA, cancer. | ||||||
| †Results for myeloid leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia are for 1960 and 1968, respectively, when US population rates for myeloid leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia were first available, through 1998. | ||||||
| ‡Results for all race/sex groups combined. | ||||||
| §International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision. | ||||||
| *95% CI excludes the null value (1.0). | ||||||
| **99% CI excludes the null value (1.0). | ||||||
| ¶Test for trend, p<0.05. | ||||||
| All deaths | 1.03 (754) | 0.89 (689)** | 0.85 (763)**¶ | 0.79 (216)** | 0.78 (379)** | 0.98 (1611)¶ |
| All cancers (140-208) | 1.04 (221) | 0.85 (180)* | 0.81 (207)**¶ | 0.84 (56) | 0.80 (115)* | 0.93 (437) |
| Trachea, bronchus, and lung CA (162) | 1.26 (61) | 1.07 (47) | 0.67 (39)**¶ | 1.77 (14) | 0.97 (25) | 0.92 (108) |
| Prostate CA (185) | 1.83 (4) | 0.43 (1) | 2.46 (6) | – (0) | 0.70 (1) | 1.99 (10) |
| Brain CA (191, 192) | 1.45 (9) | 0.94 (5) | 0.86 (5) | 0.82 (2) | 0.97 (4) | 1.20 (13) |
| Connective and soft tissue CA (171) | 2.42 (4) | 2.26 (3) | – (0) | 2.30 (1) | 2.15 (2) | 1.30 (4) |
| Leukaemia (204–208) | 0.96 (7) | 0.72 (5) | 1.53 (12) | 0.68 (2) | 0.65 (3) | 1.31 (19) |
| Myeloid leukaemia (205) | 0.83 (3) | 1.26 (4) | 2.19 (8) | 0.90 (1) | 0.40 (1) | 1.91 (13)* |
| Acute myeloid leukaemia (205.0) | 0.44 (1) | 1.53 (3) | 2.02 (5) | – (0) | – (0) | 1.93 (9) |
| Heart disease (390–398, 402, 404, 410–414, 420–429) | 1.15 (210) | 0.93 (225) | 0.88 (257)*¶ | 0.80 (48) | 0.88 (117) | 1.00 (527) |
| Ischaemic heart disease (410–414) | 1.11 (139) | 0.93 (161) | 0.86 (178)*¶ | 0.92 (40) | 0.92 (94) | 0.96 (344) |
| Cardiomyopathy, conductive disorders, and other heart diseases (420–423, 425–428, 429.2–429.9) | 1.45 (58)** | 1.01 (48) | 1.10 (69) | 0.90 (5) | 0.94 (17) | 1.21 (153)* |