Consequences and characteristics of physical and non-physical violence: the Minnesota Nurses’ Study
| Consequences and characteristics of physical and non-physical violence | Physical (specific event) | Physical (ongoing event) | Non-physical violence* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| *Non-physical violence category combines threats, sexual harassment, and verbal abuse categories. | ||||||
| †Question denotes “check all that apply”; therefore, responses may total >100%. | ||||||
| Hospitalised as a result of the event | ||||||
| No | 654 | 99.5 | 51 | 94.4 | 2152 | 98.6 |
| Yes | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0.3 |
| Missing (refused) | 2 | 0.3 | 3 | 5.6 | 23 (1) | 1.1 (0.1) |
| Treatment by any of the following† | ||||||
| Self treated | 121 | 18.4 | 11 | 20.4 | 178 | 8.2 |
| Physician | 34 | 5.2 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 1.7 |
| Chiropractor | 7 | 1.1 | 2 | 3.7 | 4 | 0.2 |
| Nurse/nurse practitioner/physician assistant | 5 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0.6 |
| Physical/occupational therapist | 5 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A |
| Psychiatrist/psychologist/therapist | 2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 3.3 |
| Dentist | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A |
| Other | 4 | 0.6 | 2 | 3.7 | 112 | 5.1 |
| None | 490 | 74.6 | 38 | 70.4 | 1768 | 81.0 |
| Missing (refused) | 6 | 0.9 | 3 | 5.6 | 47 (1) | 2.2 (0.1) |
| Symptoms/feelings following assault† | ||||||
| Frustration | 301 | 45.8 | 31 | 57.4 | 1324 | 60.7 |
| Anger | 215 | 32.7 | 18 | 33.3 | 1309 | 60.0 |
| Fear/anxiety/stress | 149 | 22.7 | 18 | 33.3 | 866 | 39.7 |
| Irritability | 87 | 13.2 | 6 | 11.1 | 587 | 26.9 |
| Fatigue | 59 | 9.0 | 12 | 22.2 | 440 | 20.2 |
| Sadness | 47 | 7.2 | 6 | 11.1 | 456 | 20.9 |
| Headaches | 17 | 2.6 | 4 | 7.4 | 216 | 9.9 |
| Difficulty concentrating | 17 | 2.6 | 2 | 3.7 | 340 | 15.6 |
| Difficulty sleeping | 15 | 2.3 | 3 | 5.6 | 302 | 13.8 |
| Shame/low self-esteem | 14 | 2.1 | 1 | 1.9 | 310 | 14.2 |
| Depression | 12 | 1.8 | 4 | 7.4 | 317 | 14.5 |
| Flashbacks | 4 | 0.6 | 2 | 3.7 | 64 | 2.9 |
| Nightmares/hallucinations | 1 | 0.2 | 2 | 3.8 | 87 | 4.0 |
| Other | 11 | 1.7 | 1 | 1.9 | 52 | 2.4 |
| None | 222 | 33.8 | 13 | 24.1 | 266 | 12.2 |
| Missing | 2 | 0.3 | 2 | 3.7 | 29 | 1.3 |
| Persistent problems resulting from the event | ||||||
| No | 597 | 90.9 | 47 | 87.0 | 1880 | 86.2 |
| Yes | 56 | 8.5 | 4 | 7.4 | 274 | 12.6 |
| Missing (refused) | 4 | 0.6 | 3 | 5.6 | 25 (3) | 1.2 (0.1) |
| Work changes as a result of the event† | ||||||
| No changes | 592 | 90.1 | 50 | 92.6 | 1716 | 78.6 |
| Restrictions/modified work | 42 | 6.4 | 0 | 0 | 195 | 8.9 |
| Quit job | 7 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.9 | 128 | 5.9 |
| Voluntary transfer | 7 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.9 | 76 | 3.5 |
| Leave of absence | 6 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0.8 |
| Involuntary transfer | 3 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0.6 |
| Other | 5 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 2.1 |
| Missing (refused) | 1 | 0.2 | 2 | 3.7 | 26 (1) | 1.2 (0.1) |