Characteristics of 651 male tunnel construction workers by job group at first observation
| Variable | Statistics | Tunnel | Reference | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All workers | Drill and blast workers | Tunnel concrete workers | Shotcreting operators | TBM workers | Outdoor concrete workers | Foremen | Engineers | ||
| n | 651 | 115 | 69 | 22 | 3 | 220 | 67 | 155 | |
| Age (y) | Mean (SD) | 39 (10) | 39 (9.4) | 39 (9.3) | 37 (10) | 41 (10) | 38 (10) | 41 (9.1) | 40 (10) |
| Weight (kg) | Mean (SD) | 80 (11) | 81 (9.6) | 79 (9.5) | 86 (15) | 76 (7.8) | 80 (13) | 82 (10) | 80 (9.2) |
| Smoking | |||||||||
| No smoker | N (%) | 347 (53) | 51 (44) | 29 (42) | 11 (50) | 2 (67) | 113 (52) | 41 (61) | 100 (65) |
| <10 cig/day | N (%) | 99 (15) | 16 (14) | 13 (19) | 6 (27) | 0 (0) | 37 (17) | 9 (13) | 18 (12) |
| 11–20 cig/day | N (%) | 159 (24) | 34 (30) | 23 (33) | 3 (14) | 0 (0) | 55 (25) | 14 (21) | 30 (19) |
| >20 cig/day | N (%) | 46 (7) | 14 (12) | 4 (6) | 2 (9.1) | 1 (33) | 15 (7) | 3 (5) | 7 (5) |
| FVC (l) | |||||||||
| Measured | Mean (SD) | 5.2 (0.75) | 5.1 (0.73) | 5.1 (0.85) | 5.3 (1.0) | 5.5 (0.44) | 5.2 (0.74) | 5.1 (0.74) | 5.2 (0.71) |
| % of predicted | Mean (SD) | 104 (11.9) | 102 (9.7) | 104 (13.5) | 104 (16.2) | 112 (14.1) | 104 (12.0) | 103 (12.0) | 104 (11.9) |
| FEV1 (l) | |||||||||
| Measured | Mean (SD) | 4.1 (0.66) | 4.0 (0.62) | 3.9 (0.75) | 4.1 (0.90) | 4.6 (0.19) | 4.1 (0.64) | 4.0 (0.61) | 4.1 (0.66) |
| % of predicted | Mean (SD) | 99.1 (13.5) | 97.5 (10.8) | 96.7 (14.4) | 97.4 (18.1) | 115 (10.2) | 99.7 (13.0) | 98.5 (13.6) | 101 (14.5) |