Ammonia concentrations in the cave environment (2000)
| Distance into cave (m) | Conc. (ppm) | Conc. (μg/m3) |
|---|---|---|
| *This is the lower limit of detection. The results were obtained during a period of air stagnation—that is, no detectable air flow within or adjacent to the cave environment. Nevertheless it should be noted that the atmospheric environment of the cave will be subject to turbulence due to the movement of organisms such as swiftlets, bats, and humans, and normal, however weak, diurnal heating/cooling processes. | ||
| 0 | <0.25* | <177.5 |
| 50 | 12 | 8520 |
| 200 | 32–33 | 22720–23430 |
| 500 | 51–54 | 36210–38340 |