Associations between exposure to volcanic ash emissions and respiratory symptoms and health service use (OR adjusted for age, sex, and parental smoking)
| Moderate or heavy exposure ever (%) | Crude OR | Adjusted OR (95% CI, p value) | Moderate or heavy exposure currently (%) | Crude OR | Adjusted OR (95% CI, p value) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Baseline: low exposure; †baseline: not currently exposed; **wheeze “ever” and asthma “ever” = lifetime prevalence. | ||||||||
| Aged 12 and under | No (n=83) | Yes (n=140) | No (n=201) | Yes (n=31) | ||||
| Wheeze ever | 16.9 | 35.7 | 2.74 | 3.45 (1.69 to 7.04, p=0.001) | 26.4 | 38.7 | 1.76 | 2.00 (0.88 to 4.52, p=0.098) |
| Wheeze in past 12 months | 8.5 | 23.2 | 3.23 | 4.30 (1.70 to 10.86, p=0.002) | 16.7 | 22.6 | 1.46 | 1.80 (0.70 to 4.68, p=0.224) |
| Dry cough in past 12 months | 20.3 | 32.5 | 1.89 | 1.92 (0.94 to 3.92, p=0.071) | 28.2 | 25.9 | 0.89 | 0.98 (0.39 to 2.50, p=0.970) |
| Medication for breathing | 14.3 | 22.4 | 1.73 | 1.97 (0.86 to 4.49, p=0.108) | 17.3 | 28.6 | 1.91 | 2.35 (0.91 to 6.06, p=0.078) |
| Seen doctor | 8.1 | 13.8 | 1.82 | 2.44 (0.89 to 6.69, p=0.083) | 10.4 | 17.2 | 1.79 | 2.32 (0.74 to 7.22, p=0.148) |
| Aged 13 and over | No (n=38) | Yes (n=63) | No (n=99) | Yes (n=11) | ||||
| Wheeze ever | 18.4 | 33.3 | 2.21 | 2.13 (0.79 to 5.75, p=0.138) | 28.3 | 18.2 | 0.56 | 0.56 (0.11 to 2.93, p=0.494) |
| Wheeze in past 12 months | 10.5 | 19.0 | 2.00 | 1.92 (0.55 to 6.71, p=0.306) | 17.2 | 9.1 | 0.48 | 0.38 (0.04 to 3.55, p=0.396) |
| Dry cough in past 12 months | 31.6 | 50.8 | 2.24 | 2.05 (0.84 to 5.00, p=0.113) | 43.8 | 54.5 | 1.54 | 1.72 (0.43 to 6.90, p=0.444) |
| Medication for breathing | 18.9 | 23.3 | 1.30 | 1.07 (0.37 to 3.13, p=0.889) | 25.3 | 9.1 | 0.30 | 0.29 (0.03 to 2.53, p=0.265) |
| Seen doctor | 7.9 | 11.1 | 1.45 | 1.21 (0.28 to 5.23, p=0.796) | 12.1 | 0 | Not calculable | Not calculable |