Results concerning the relation between work related physical factors and the occurrence of low back pain from multivariable analyses with a traditional approach using standard regression and generalised estimating equations (GEE)*
| Crude OR (95% CI)† | Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | Standard regression model (n=786) | GEE model 1 (n=976) | GEE model 2 (n=976) | Standard regression model (n=786) | GEE model 1 (n=976) | GEE model 2 (n=976) |
| *The different models that were analysed are illustrated in fig 1. | ||||||
| †Crude OR, odds ratio in the population with no missing values for gender, age, smoking habits, body mass index, exercise behaviour during leisure time, coping skills (active problem solving, avoidance behaviour, social support seeking), quantitative job demands, conflicting demands, decision authority, skill discretion, supervisor support, coworker support, moving heavy loads during leisure time, flexion and/or rotation of the upper part of the body during leisure time, driving a vehicle during leisure time, driving a vehicle at work. | ||||||
| ‡Adjusted OR, odds ratio adjusted for the risk factors mentioned above. | ||||||
| Flexion and/or rotation of the upper part of the body | ||||||
| Seldom or never/sometimes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quite often | 1.13 (0.79 to 1.62) | 1.29 (0.93 to 1.78) | 1.71 (1.31 to 2.23) | 1.07 (0.72 to 1.58) | 1.26 (0.89 to 1.79) | 1.63 (1.24 to 2.15) |
| Very often | 1.90 (1.24 to 2.91) | 2.01 (1.41 to 2.85) | 2.34 (1.62 to 3.38) | 1.84 (1.15 to 2.95) | 2.04 (1.40 to 2.99) | 2.21 (1.49 to 3.27) |
| Moving heavy loads (>25 kg) | ||||||
| Seldom or never/sometimes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quite often | 1.24 (0.80 to 1.93) | 1.10 (0.75 to 1.61) | 0.84 (0.58 to 1.24) | 1.15 (0.71 to 1.84) | 1.01 (0.68 to 1.50) | 0.81 (0.55 to 1.18) |
| Very often | 1.44 (0.71 to 2.95) | 1.58 (0.92 to 2.72) | 1.65 (1.07 to 2.55) | 1.44 (0.67 to 3.10) | 1.63 (0.94 to 2.84) | 1.53 (0.97 to 2.40) |