Occupational groups (a priori assessment) |
Always occ. with low physical workload | 95 | 48.2 | 37 | 28.2 | 1.0 | – | 42 | 44.7 | 1.0 | – |
>0–<10 y occ. with medium physical workload | 13 | 6.6 | 12 | 9.2 | 2.4 | 0.9 to 6.9 | 7 | 7.4 | 0.9 | 0.3 to 3.0 |
>0–<10 y occ. with high physical workload | 10 | 5.1 | 8 | 6.1 | 2.3 | 0.7 to 7.1 | 4 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 0.3 to 5.9 |
>10 y occ. with medium physical workload | 51 | 25.9 | 32 | 24.4 | 2.0 | 1.0 to 3.8 | 17 | 18.1 | 0.8 | 0.4 to 1.7 |
>10 y occ. with high physical workload | 27 | 13.7 | 42 | 32.1 | 4.7 | 2.3 to 9.6 | 24 | 25.5 | 2.1 | 0.9 to 4.6 |
Cumulated lifting/carrying (kg2*h) |
0 kg2*h | 64 | 32.5 | 13 | 9.9 | 1.0 | – | 28 | 29.8 | 1.0 | – |
>0–10 000 kg2*h | 42 | 21.3 | 17 | 13.0 | 2.3 | 0.9 to 5.6 | 15 | 16.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 1.8 |
>10 000–150 000 kg2*h | 43 | 21.8 | 38 | 29.0 | 5.4 | 2.3 to 12.6 | 22 | 23.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 to 2.8 |
>150 000 kg2*h | 43 | 21.8 | 61 | 46.6 | 8.5 | 3.8 to 19.1 | 28 | 29.8 | 1.6 | 0.7 to 3.4 |
p for trend† | | | | | p<0.0005 | | | p=0.18 |
Extreme (>90° trunk flexion) forward bending (h) |
0 h | 119 | 60.4 | 52 | 39.7 | 1.0 | – | 47 | 50.0 | 1.0 | – |
>0–1500 h | 45 | 22.8 | 41 | 31.3 | 2.7 | 1.5 to 5.1 | 26 | 27.7 | 1.4 | 0.7 to 2.8 |
>1500 h | 19 | 9.6 | 35 | 26.7 | 4.5 | 2.2 to 9.3 | 19 | 20.2 | 2.7 | 1.2 to 6.4 |
p for trend† | | | | | p<0.005 | | | p=0.02 |
Lifting/carrying combined with extreme forward bending |
No lifting/carrying; no extreme forward bending | 56 | 28.4 | 10 | 7.6 | 1.0 | – | 23 | 24.5 | 1.0 | – |
Lifting/carrying >0–150 000 kg2*h and/or extreme forward bending >0–1500 h | 79 | 40.1 | 48 | 36.6 | 4.3 | 1.8 to 10.2 | 33 | 35.1 | 1.0 | 0.5 to 2.1 |
Lifting/carrying >150 000 kg2*h; extreme forward bending ⩽1500 h | 33 | 16.8 | 36 | 27.5 | 8.2 | 3.2 to 20.9 | 18 | 19.1 | 1.5 | 0.6 to 3.8 |
Lifting/carrying ⩽150 000 kg2*h; extreme forward bending >1500 h | 9 | 4.6 | 10 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 2.4 to 28.7 | 9 | 9.6 | 3.2 | 1.0 to 10.5 |
Lifting/carrying >150 000 kg2*h; extreme forward bending >1500 h | 10 | 5.1 | 25 | 19.1 | 15.5 | 5.2 to 46.9 | 10 | 10.6 | 2.2 | 0.7 to 7.3 |
Sum lumbar spine force through lifting/carrying and/or extreme forward bending (Nh) |
0 Nh | 56 | 28.4 | 10 | 7.6 | 1.0 | – | 23 | 24.5 | 1.0 | – |
>0–<2.0*106 Nh | 39 | 19.8 | 21 | 16.0 | 3.9 | 1.5 to 10.0 | 19 | 20.2 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 2.8 |
2.0–<9.0*106 Nh | 45 | 22.8 | 30 | 22.9 | 4.8 | 1.9 to 12.2 | 22 | 23.4 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 2.7 |
>9.0*106 Nh | 47 | 23.9 | 68 | 51.9 | 10.5 | 4.4 to 25.1 | 29 | 30.9 | 1.8 | 0.8 to 3.9 |
p for trendb | | | | | p<0.0005 | | | p=0.18 |
Exposure to whole body vibration‡ |
0 h | 136 | 69.0 | 73 | 55.7 | 1.0 | – | 47 | 50.0 | 1.0 | – |
>0–1500 h | 37 | 18.8 | 31 | 23.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 to 1.9 | 29 | 30.9 | 1.8 | 0.8 to 3.7 |
>1500 h | 20 | 10.2 | 25 | 19.1 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 2.7 | 16 | 17.0 | 1.7 | 0.7 to 4.3 |
p for trendb | | | | | p=0.77 | | | p=0.13 |
Exposure to whole body vibration‡ |
0 h | 152 | 77.2 | 87 | 66.4 | 1.0 | – | 56 | 59.6 | 1.0 | – |
>0–1800h*weighting factor§ | 22 | 11.2 | 19 | 14.5 | 1.3 | 0.6 to 2.9 | 20 | 21.3 | 2.1 | 0.9 to 4.8 |
>1800h*weighting factor§ | 19 | 9.6 | 23 | 17.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 2.7 | 16 | 17.0 | 1.9 | 0.7 to 4.9 |
p for trend† | | | | | p=0.55 | | | p=0.06 |
Sum lumbar spine exposure (α) to lifting/carrying and/or extreme forward bending and/or whole body vibration |
0 | 54 | 27.4 | 9 | 6.9 | 1.0 | – | 21 | 22.3 | 1.0 | – |
<0.1 | 44 | 22.3 | 25 | 19.1 | 4.4 | 1.7 to 11.5 | 21 | 22.3 | 1.1 | 0.5 to 2.5 |
0.1–<0.4 | 43 | 21.8 | 28 | 21.4 | 4.4 | 1.7 to 11.5 | 21 | 22.3 | 1.3 | 0.6 to 3.1 |
⩾0.4 | 45 | 22.8 | 67 | 51.1 | 11.9 | 4.9 to 29.4 | 29 | 30.9 | 1.9 | 0.9 to 4.3 |
p for trend† | | | | | p<0.0005 | | | p=0.11 |
Cumulative sedentary work (h)‡ |
⩽10 000 | 51 | 25.9 | 50 | 38.2 | 1.0 | – | 32 | 34.0 | 1.0 | – |
>10 000–30 000 | 67 | 34.0 | 39 | 29.8 | 0.6 | 0.2 to 1.0 | 34 | 36.2 | 0.8 | 0.4 to 1.7 |
>30 000 | 64 | 32.5 | 40 | 30.5 | 1.0 | 0.4 to 2.5 | 28 | 29.8 | 0.9 | 0.3 to 2.6 |
p for trend† | | | | | p=0.79 | | | p=0.84 |