Crude and adjusted GM (SE) of semen characteristics by concentration of lead in spermatozoa
| Lead concentration in spermatozoa (μg/kg) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <50 n=34 (mean (SE)) | 50–150 n=47 (mean (SE)) | 151–400 n=47 (mean (SE)) | >400 n=39 (mean (SE)) | p Trend | |
| *p<0.05 ANOVA v baseline in group (≤10 μg/dl); **p<0.01 ANOVA v baseline in group (≤10 μg/dl). | |||||
| Volume: | |||||
| Crude | 3.2 (3) | 2.6† (2) | 2.3* (2) | 2.1** (2) | <0.05 |
| Adjusted | 4.8 (9) | 3.8† (7) | 3.2** (5) | 2.8*** (5) | <0.01 |
| Density: | |||||
| Crude | 47 (7) | 54† (7) | 52† (7) | 35† (5) | >0.05 |
| Adjusted | 41 (12) | 45† (13) | 42† (11) | 38† (8) | >0.05 |
| Total count: | |||||
| Crude | 146 (24) | 138† (20) | 120† (17) | 72** (11) | <0.05 |
| Adjusted | 192 (62) | 170† (73) | 130† (37) | 83** (24) | <0.01 |
| Mean αT: | |||||
| Crude | 222 (37) | 223† (34) | 218† (32) | 228† (40) | >0.05 |
| Adjusted | 222 (80) | 223† (78) | 221† (68) | 233* (72) | >0.05 |
| SD αT: | |||||
| Crude | 67 (45) | 66† (42) | 67† (41) | 77† (56) | >0.05 |
| Adjusted | 87 (129) | 84† (122) | 80† (102) | 92† (117) | >0.05 |
| Proportion of sperm cells outside the main population: | |||||
| Crude | 15.1 (15) | 13.4† (12) | 12.7† (11) | 14.8† (16) | >0.05 |
| Adjusted | 14.3 (29) | 12.8† (26) | 13.7† (24) | 17.4† (31) | >0.05 |