Table 4

Mortality summary by cumulative dose of exposure to 2,4-D relative to 40 600 unexposed male workers from the same manufacturing location, (RR=1.00 for unexposed)

Cause of death (ICDA-8)	Cumulative dose		Exposure lagged		95% CI
			0 y				20 y
			Obs	Exp			RR	Obs	Exp	RR
All causes (000–E999)	Very low	90	82.2	1.09	151	143.6	1.05
	Low	70	62.3	1.12	46	38.5	1.20
	Moderate	93	84.9	1.10	73	62.9	1.16
	High	77	72.2	1.07	60	56.7	1.06
	Total	330	302.2	1.10			0.98 to 1.22
All cancer (140–209)	Very low	28	21.7	1.29	38	34.9	1.09
	Low	12	16.1	0.75	9	10.7	0.84
	Moderate	24	22.3	1.08	19	17.6	1.08
	High	19	19.0	1.00	17	15.8	1.08
	Total	83	79.1	1.05			0.85 to 1.30
All lymphopoietic (200–209)	Very low	1	2.4	0.42	3	4.3	0.71
	Low	1	1.8	0.56	1	1.0	0.96
	Moderate	3	2.3	1.28	1	1.7	0.60
	High	4	2.0	2.05	4	1.5	2.71
	Total	9	8.5	1.06			0.55 to 2.08
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (200, 202)	Very low	1	0.3	3.28	3	0.7	4.49
	Low	0	0.2	0.00	0	0.1	0.00
	Moderate	2	0.3	6.11	0	0.2	0.00
	High	0	0.3	0.00	0	0.2	0.00
	Total	3	1.1	2.63			0.85 to 8.33
Nervous and sensory organs (320–380)	Very low	0	0.8	0.00	1	1.3	0.75
	Low	2	0.6	3.20	1	0.4	2.27
	Moderate	3	0.9	3.52	3	0.7	4.42
	High	1	0.8	1.30	1	0.6	1.55^4-150
	Total	6	3.2	1.92			0.85 to 4.35
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (348.0)	Very low	0	0.2	0.00	0	0.4	0.00
	Low	0	0.2	0.00	0	0.1	0.00
	Moderate	2	0.2	8.04	2	0.2	10.2 0
	High	1	0.2	4.54^4-150	1	0.2	5.57^4-150
	Total	3	1.0	3.45			1.10 to 11.11
Non-malignant respiratory disease (460–519)	Very low	3	5.0	0.60	4	7.4	0.55
	Low	1	3.9	0.26	0	2.9	0.00
	Moderate	1	5.5	0.18	1	4.7	0.21
	High	3	5.1	0.58^4-150	3	4.5	0.66^4-150
	Total	8	19.2	0.41			0.21 to 0.81
All digestive system diseases (520–577)	Very low	7	3.1	2.28	9	5.5	1.64
	Low	1	2.3	0.43	0	1.4	0.00
	Moderate	2	3.2	0.63	1	2.3	0.44
	High	1	2.7	0.37	1	2.0	0.49
	Total	11	11.3	0.98			0.54 to 1.79
External causes (E800–E999)	Very low	14	9.2	1.52	33	20.9	1.58
	Low	13	6.6	1.96	4	1.9	2.11
	Moderate	9	7.5	1.21	3	2.9	1.04
	High	6	5.0	1.20	2	2.3	0.86
	Total	42	28.3	1.49			1.10–2.04

Very low=<0.05; low=0.05–0.49; moderate=0.5–4.9; and high=⩾5.
↵4-150 p<0.05, test for trend.