Variable | Controls | Osteochondrosis or spondylosis with chronic complaints, with or without disc herniation | “Pure” osteochondrosis or spondylosis with chronic complaints (cases with disc herniation excluded) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Adjusted OR3-150 | 95% CI | Cases | Adjusted OR3-150 | 95% CI | |||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | |||||||
Occupational groups (initial assessment): | ||||||||||||
Always work with low physical workload | 95 | 48.2 | 59 | 25.8 | 1.0 | — | 25 | 26.6 | 1.0 | — | ||
>0–<10 y work with medium physical workload | 13 | 6.6 | 21 | 9.2 | 2.3 | 0.9 to 5.6 | 6 | 6.4 | 2.2 | 0.6 to 8.0 | ||
>0–<10 y work with high physical workload | 10 | 5.1 | 18 | 7.9 | 3.2 | 1.2 to 8.3 | 9 | 9.6 | 3.3 | 0.9 to 12.3 | ||
>10 y work with medium physical workload | 51 | 25.9 | 49 | 21.4 | 1.8 | 1.0 to 3.2 | 18 | 19.1 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 2.7 | ||
>10 y work with high physical workload | 27 | 13.7 | 82 | 35.8 | 6.2 | 3.3 to 11.8 | 36 | 38.3 | 6.5 | 2.7 to 16.1 | ||
Unknown | 1 | 0.5 | ||||||||||
Cumulated lifting/carrying (kg2×h): | ||||||||||||
0 kg2×h | 64 | 32.5 | 23 | 10.0 | 1.0 | — | 8 | 8.5 | 1.0 | — | ||
>0–10000 kg2×h | 42 | 21.3 | 28 | 12.2 | 2.1 | 1.0 to 4.5 | 12 | 12.8 | 2.7 | 0.9 to 8.4 | ||
>10000–150000 kg2×h | 43 | 21.8 | 60 | 26.2 | 3.7 | 1.8 to 7.7 | 23 | 24.5 | 2.7 | 0.9 to 8.1 | ||
>150000 kg2×h | 43 | 21.8 | 114 | 49.8 | 8.1 | 4.1 to 15.8 | 49 | 52.1 | 8.5 | 3.1 to 23.2 | ||
Unknown | 5 | 2.5 | 4 | 1.7 | 2 | 2.1 | ||||||
p Value for trend3-151 | p<0.00005 | p<0.00005 | ||||||||||
Extreme (>90° trunk flexion) forward bending (h): | ||||||||||||
0 | 119 | 60.4 | 92 | 40.2 | 1.0 | — | 37 | 39.4 | 1.0 | — | ||
>0–1500 | 45 | 22.8 | 56 | 24.5 | 2.0 | 1.2 to 3.5 | 20 | 21.3 | 1.3 | 0.6 to 3.1 | ||
>1500 | 19 | 9.6 | 74 | 32.3 | 4.3 | 2.3 to 8.0 | 34 | 36.2 | 3.5 | 1.5 to 7.9 | ||
Unknown | 14 | 7.1 | 7 | 3.1 | 3 | 3.2 | ||||||
p Value for trend3-151 | p<0.00005 | p=0.003 | ||||||||||
Lifting or carrying combined with extreme forward bending (h): | ||||||||||||
No lifting or carrying; no extreme forward bending | 56 | 28.4 | 18 | 7.9 | 1.0 | — | 6 | 6.4 | 1.0 | — | ||
Lifting or carrying >0–150000 kg2×h or extreme forward bending >0–1500, or both | 79 | 40.1 | 77 | 33.6 | 3.2 | 1.6 to 6.6 | 31 | 33.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 to 9.1 | ||
Lifting or carrying >150000 kg2×h; extreme forward bending ⩽1500 | 33 | 16.8 | 56 | 24.5 | 6.6 | 3.0 to 14.5 | 20 | 21.3 | 6.2 | 1.9 to 20.7 | ||
Lifting or carrying ⩽150000 kg2×h; extreme forward bending >1500 | 9 | 4.6 | 16 | 7.0 | 4.1 | 1.4 to 12.5 | 5 | 5.3 | 2.4 | 0.4 to 13.0 | ||
Lifting or carrying >150000 kg2×h; extreme forward bending >1500 | 10 | 5.1 | 58 | 25.3 | 16.1 | 6.3 to 41.5 | 29 | 30.9 | 18.2 | 4.8 to 68.4 | ||
Unknown | 10 | 5.1 | 4 | 1.7 | 3 | 3.2 | ||||||
Sum lumbar spine force through lifting/carrying and/or extreme forward bending (Nh): | ||||||||||||
0 | 56 | 28.4 | 18 | 7.9 | 1.0 | — | 6 | 6.4 | 1.0 | — | ||
>0–<2.0×106 | 39 | 19.8 | 31 | 13.5 | 2.6 | 1.2 to 5.9 | 13 | 13.8 | 3.0 | 0.9 to 10.0 | ||
2.0–<9.0×106 | 45 | 22.8 | 52 | 22.7 | 4.2 | 1.9 to 9.2 | 21 | 22.3 | 4.1 | 1.3 to 13.4 | ||
>9.0×106 | 47 | 23.9 | 124 | 54.1 | 8.5 | 4.1 to 17.5 | 51 | 54.3 | 7.1 | 2.4 to 21.2 | ||
Unknown | 10 | 5.1 | 4 | 1.7 | 3 | 3.2 | ||||||
p Value for trend3-151 | p<0.00005 | p=0.003 | ||||||||||
Exposure to whole body vibration (h): | ||||||||||||
0 | 136 | 69.0 | 133 | 58.1 | 1.0 | — | 57 | 60.6 | 1.0 | — | ||
>0–1500 | 37 | 18.8 | 46 | 20.1 | 0.9 | 0.5 to 1.7 | 17 | 18.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 to 1.7 | ||
>1500 | 20 | 10.2 | 44 | 19.2 | 1.6 | 0.8 to 3.3 | 16 | 17.0 | 2.2 | 0.8 to 6.2 | ||
Unknown | 4 | 2.0 | 6 | 2.6 | 4 | 4.3 | ||||||
p Value for trend3-151 | p=0.26 | p=0.29 | ||||||||||
Exposure to whole body vibration: | ||||||||||||
0 h | 152 | 77.2 | 152 | 66.4 | 1.0 | — | 64 | 68.1 | 1.0 | — | ||
>0–1800 h×weighting factor3-152 | 22 | 11.2 | 26 | 11.4 | 1.2 | 0.6 to 2.5 | 9 | 9.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 to 2.2 | ||
>1800 h×weighting factor3-152 | 19 | 9.6 | 44 | 19.2 | 1.6 | 0.8 to 3.3 | 16 | 17.0 | 2.0 | 0.7 to 5.4 | ||
Unknown | 4 | 2.0 | 7 | 3.1 | 5 | 5.3 | ||||||
p Value for trend3-151 | p=0.14 | p=0.24 | ||||||||||
Sum lumbar spine exposure (α) to lifting, carrying, extreme forward bending, or whole body vibration: | ||||||||||||
0 | 55 | 27.9 | 17 | 7.4 | 1.0 | — | 6 | 6.4 | 1.0 | — | ||
<0.1 | 44 | 22.3 | 36 | 15.7 | 3.0 | 1.3 to 6.6 | 14 | 14.9 | 2.9 | 0.9 to 9.5 | ||
0.1–<0.4 | 43 | 21.8 | 47 | 20.5 | 3.8 | 1.7 to 8.4 | 17 | 18.1 | 2.8 | 0.8 to 9.3 | ||
⩾0.4 | 45 | 22.8 | 124 | 54.1 | 9.2 | 4.4 to 19.2 | 53 | 56.4 | 6.9 | 2.3 to 20.7 | ||
Unknown | 11 | 5.6 | 5 | 2.2 | 4 | 4.3 | ||||||
p Value for trend3-151 | p<0.00005 | p=0.0004 | ||||||||||
Cumulative sedentary work (h): | ||||||||||||
⩽10000 | 51 | 25.9 | 90 | 39.3 | 1.0 | — | 34 | 36.2 | 1.0 | — | ||
>10000–30000 | 67 | 34.0 | 68 | 29.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 to 1.2 | 31 | 33.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 1.8 | ||
>30000 | 64 | 32.5 | 67 | 29.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 to 1.7 | 27 | 28.7 | 0.6 | 0.2 to 1.8 | ||
Unknown | 15 | 7.6 | 4 | 1.7 | 2 | 2.1 | ||||||
p Value for trend3-151 | p=0.40 | p=0.42 |
↵3-150 Adjusted for age, region, nationality, and other diseases of the lumbar spine. Exposure to whole body vibration, sitting: additionally adjusted for sum lumbar spine force through lifting, carrying, or extreme forward bending.
↵3-151 Exposure score included as a continuous variable in the logistic regression model.
↵3-152 Weighting factor: 0 for smooth asphalt; 1 for damaged asphalt; 2 for cobbled streets; and 3 for rough terrain.