Forces affecting the lumbar spine by control subjects' occupational groups
| Occupational group according to the 1992 classification of occupations (code) of the German Federal Statistical Institute | Initial assessment of physical workload | Before 1975 | Since 1975 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control jobs ⩾1 y (n) | Sum lumbar spine force through lifting, carrying, or extreme forward bending/y (106Nh) | Control jobs ⩾1 y (n) | Sum lumbar spine force through lifting, carrying, or extreme forward bending/y (106Nh) | |||||||||
| Mean | Median | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Median | Minimum | Maximum | |||||
| Agriculture and mining: | ||||||||||||
| Agricultural, animal husbandry, and forestry workers | High | 4 | 0.36 | 0.21 | 0 | 1.01 | 4 | 1.23 | 1.32 | 0 | 2.30 | |
| Miners, quarrymen, and stone treaters | High | — | 2 | 1.64 | 1.64 | 0 | 3.27 | |||||
| Production: | ||||||||||||
| Stone cutters and curvers | High | — | 1 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 | |||||
| Ceramic and glass workers | Medium | — | — | |||||||||
| Chemical processers and manufacturers of plastics product | Medium | 1 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 9 | 0.97 | 0 | 0 | 7.60 | |
| Manufacturers of paper and paper products; printers | Medium | 14 | 0.76 | 0.54 | 0 | 2.56 | 14 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0.63 | |
| Wood treaters; basket makers | Medium | — | — | |||||||||
| Metal processers, blacksmiths | High | 7 | 1.24 | 1.19 | 0 | 2.89 | 12 | 0.58 | 0.30 | 0 | 1.83 | |
| Metal workers (machinery fitters, machine assemblers, mechanics, manufacturers of precision instruments; plumbers, welders, sheet metal and structural metal preparers and erectors) | High | 25 | 0.48 | 0.11 | 0 | 2.59 | 45 | 0.75 | 0.39 | 0 | 5.19 | |
| Electrical and electronics workers | Medium | 22 | 0.57 | 0.11 | 0 | 2.56 | 14 | 0.26 | 0 | 0 | 1.30 | |
| Electrical fitters | Medium | — | 2 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 0.50 | 1.75 | |||||
| Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers; tailors, dressmakers | Low | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | |||||
| Tanners, fellmongers, pelt dressers; shoemakers, and leather goods makers | High | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Food and beverage processors; tobacco product makers | Low | 4 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.57 | 13 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0 | 0.70 | |
| Construction workers (structural engineering, civil engineering) | High | 16 | 1.76 | 1.69 | 0 | 3.63 | 2 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.29 | 1.49 | |
| Plasterers, insulators, glaziers, terazzo workers, construction carpenters, roofers; upholsterers | High | 8 | 1.90 | 0.60 | 0 | 6.86 | 8 | 2.60 | 2.31 | 0.38 | 6.86 | |
| Woodworkers and plastic workers (carpenters, cabinet makers, wooden or plastic models makers, wood frame construction) | High | 7 | 0.96 | 1.18 | 0.15 | 1.92 | 2 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.40 | 2.00 | |
| Painters; varnishers | Medium | 2 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.21 | 1.20 | 1 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | |
| Quality inspectors; packers | Medium | — | 4 | 1.75 | 0.73 | 0.04 | 5.50 | |||||
| Labourers | Medium | 2 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0 | 1.01 | 3 | 0.20 | 0 | 0 | 0.60 | |
| Operators (crane and earth moving machinery operators, etc) | Low | 6 | 0.66 | 0 | 0 | 2.89 | 8 | 0.40 | 0.11 | 0 | 1.14 | |
| Technology: | ||||||||||||
| Technicians (engineers, architects, chemists, physicists, electrical engineering technicians) | Low | 31 | 0.26 | 0 | 0 | 4.82 | 50 | 0.18 | 0 | 0 | 4.82 | |
| Services: | ||||||||||||
| Service workers: storemen, nurses, refuse collectors | High | 6 | 1.21 | 0.72 | 0 | 3.39 | 17 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 0 | 1.92 | |
| Soldiers | Low | 28 | 0.62 | 0.24 | 0 | 4.80 | 33 | 0.61 | 0.37 | 0 | 1.89 | |
| Other service workers | Low | 129 | 0.28 | 0 | 0 | 4.54 | 273 | 0.18 | 0 | 0 | 4.54 | |
| Workers not elsewhere classified | Medium | 2 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 4 | 0.69 | 0.16 | 0 | 2.46 | |
| Total | 0.54 | 0 | 0.37 | 0 | ||||||||