Table 3

Numbers of exposures by agent (in thousands) in the European Union in 1990–3

AgentExposures (n)IARC group3-150
Acrylamide   312A
Acrylonitrile   322A3-151
Adriamycin   182A
Aflatoxins    21
4-Aminobiphenyl    01
Arsenic and arsenic compounds  1501
Asbestos 12001
Azacitidine    12A
Azathioprine    21
Benzene 14001
Benzidine    71
Benzidine based dyes   142A
Beryllium and beryllium compounds   671
Bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU)   102A
Bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME)    21
1,3-Butadiene   322A
1,4-Butanediol dimethanesulphonate (Myleran)    31
Cadmium and cadmium compounds  2101
Captafol    82A
Carbon tetrachloride   752B
Ceramic fibres   622B
Chlorambucil   101
Chloramphenicol   122A
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU)    22A
Chlorozotocin   <12A
Chromium VI compounds  8001
Cyclosporin   101
Cisplatin   252A
Cobalt and its compounds  2402B
Cyclophosphamide   451
Diesel engine exhaust 30002A
Diethylstilbestrol   <11
Diethyl sulphate    22A
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride    02A
Dimethyl sulphate   102A
Epichlorohydrin   482A
Estrogens, non-steroidal    51
Estrogens, steroidal    51
Ethylene dibromide 12002A
Ethylene oxide   471
N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea    02A
Formaldehyde  9902A
Glasswool  9302B
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)Not estimated1
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)Not estimated1
Ionising radiation  150
Lead and inorganic lead compounds 15002B
Melphalan   101
Methyl-CCNU   <11
N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea    02A
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA)    32A
Methylene chloride  2802B
MNNG    12A
Mustard gas (sulphur mustard)    11
2-Naphthylamine    21
Nickel compounds  5601
Nitrogen mustard    32A
N-Nitrosodiethylamine   132A
N-Nitrosodimethylamine   142A
Oral contraceptives, combined    51
Oral contraceptives, sequential    51
p-Chloro-o-toluidine and its strong acid salts    12A
Pentachlorophenol   492B
Phenacetin    32A
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)   152A
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)  9801–3
Procarbazide hydrochloride   <12A
Radon and its decay products 27001
Silica, crystalline 32002A
Solar radiation (at least 75% of working time) 91001
Styrene  4002B
Styrene-7,8-oxide   862A
Sulphuric acid mist  7101
Talc containing asbestiform fibres   281
Tetrachloroethylene  8202A
Thiotepa    31
Tobacco smoke, environmental (at least 75% of working time) 75001
Treosulfan    01
Trichloroethylene  2802A
1,2,3-Trichloropropane    12A
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate   <12A
Vinyl bromide    02A
Vinyl chloride   401
Vinyl fluoride    02A
Wood dust 26001
Total42000
  • 3-150 IARC groups: 1=carcinogenic to humans; 2A=probably carcinogenic to humans; 2B=possibly carcinogenic to humans; 3=unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans.

  • 3-151 Re-evaluation 1999 (group 2B).  Re-evaluation of occupational exposure 1997 (group 1).