Concentrations of metabolites in plasma and urine (medians (ranges)), antibodies (medians (ranges)), work related symptoms (number of subjects), and lung function measurements (medians (ranges)) in 14 clerks and 152 workers, potentially exposed to sprayed or heated polyurethane glue
| Effect/biomarker | Clerks | Workers | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (% M) | Total | Sprayed glue | ||||||
| No Heat | Yes Heat | |||||||
| No (n=71) | Yes (n=32) | No (n=4) | Yes (n=45) | |||||
| Metabolites2-150: | ||||||||
| P-MDX | LM | 65 | 0.27 (LM–18) | LM (LM–1.8) | 0.64 (LM–7.9) | 0.42 (LM–0.9) | 0.89 (LM–18) | |
| U-MDX | LM | 11 | LM (LM–9.4) | LM (LM–4.7) | LM (LM–1.8) | LM (LM–2.1) | LM (LM–9.4) | |
| P-2,4-TDX | LM | 16 | LM (LM–1.7) | LM (LM–0.4) | LM (LM–0.4) | LM (LM–0.3) | LM (LM–1.7) | |
| U-2,4-TDX | LM | 47 | LM (LM–11) | LM (LM–11) | LM (LM–2.7) | 0.35 (LM–1.4) | LM (LM–2.7) | |
| P-2,6-TDX | LM | 7 | LM (LM–0.9) | LM (LM–0.2) | LM (LM–LM) | LM (LM–LM) | LM (LM–0.9) | |
| U-2,6-TDX | LM | 5 | LM (LM–0.8) | LM (LM–0.3) | LM (LM–0.1) | LM (LM–LM) | LM (LM–0.8) | |
| Antibodies2-150: | ||||||||
| S-IgG-MDI | 0.10 | 97 | 0.10 (0.02–1.1) | 0.09 (0.02–0.4) | 0.10 (0.02–0.4) | 0.08 (0.08–0.09) | 0.13 (0.06–1.1) | |
| S-IgG-TDI | 0.10 | 97 | 0.13 (0.05–0.8) | 0.11 (0.05–0.3) | 0.13 (0.07–0.4) | 0.10 (0.08–0.12) | 0.15 (0.05–0.8) | |
| S-IgG-HDI | 0.16 | 97 | 0.14 (0–1.1) | 0.12 (0.02–0.8) | 0.13 (0–0.5) | 0.17 (0.05–0.34) | 0.21 (0.06–1.1) | |
| S-IgE-MDI | 0 | 97 | 0 (0–5.3) | 0 (0–5.3) | 0 (0–1.4) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0.7) | |
| S-IgG | 11 | 97 | 14 (8.3–23) | 14 (8.3–20) | 13 (8.6–20) | 16 (9.8–22) | 15 (9.8–23) | |
| S-IgM | 1.1 | 97 | 1.2 (0.3–3) | 1.1 (0.3–2.8) | 1.4 (0.3–2.4) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.4 (0.3–3) | |
| S-IgA | 2.7 | 97 | 2.2 (0.5–5.3) | 2.3 (0.9–5.3) | 2.0 (1.2–4.9) | 2.4 (1.7–4.3) | 2.2 (0.5–4) | |
| S-IgE | 64 | 97 | 21 (1–2000) | 20 (1–2000) | 29 (1–210) | 20 (3–360) | 17 (2–220) | |
| Work related symptoms: | ||||||||
| Total (n (%)) | 0 | 100 | 47 (31) | 14 (20) | 9 (28) | 3 (75) | 21 (47) | |
| Eyes | — | — | 21 (14) | 7 (10) | 6 (19) | 2 (50) | 6 (13) | |
| Airways | — | — | 40 (26) | 13 (18) | 8 (25) | 1 (25) | 18 (40) | |
| Nose | — | — | 32 (21) | 12 (17) | 6 (19) | 1 (25) | 13 (29) | |
| Lower | — | — | 17 (11) | 5 (7) | 4 (12) | 0 (0) | 8 (18) | |
| Lung function2-150: | ||||||||
| VC | 94 | 99 | 93 (63–130) | 93 (72–130) | 100 (78–129) | 94 (82–128) | 90 (63–124) | |
| FEV1 | 99 | 99 | 97 (67–130) | 95 (67–126) | 102 (70–130) | 98 (79–128) | 94 (72–124) | |
↵2-150 P-MDX and U-MDX=metabolites of 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), P-2,4-TDX and U-2,4-TDX and P-2,6-TDX and U-2,6-TDX=metabolites of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 2,6-TDI in plasma and urine (μg/l); S-IgG-MDI, S-IgG-TDI, S-IgG-HDI, and S-IgE-MDI=specific serum IgG (A) and IgE (% binding) antibodies against MDI, TDI, and hexamethylene diisocyanate; S-IgG, S-IgM, S-IgA, S-IgE = total serum IgG, IgM, IgA (g/l), and IgE (kU/l) antibodies.
VC=vital capacity, FEV1=forced exspiratory volume in 1 second (% predicted).
(% M)=% of workers with measurable values; LM=limit of measurement=⩽0.05 μg/l.